Do-it-yourself country house 4 by 5. Do-it-yourself country house (60 photos): building a foundation. Bottom trim, wall frame, top trim and wall cladding. Roof frame device. Selection of materials and step-by-step construction

The topic of this article is the construction of a garden house with your own hands. We have to get acquainted with the main points of the construction of a very specific design - a frame house with insulated walls on a columnar foundation, covered with bituminous tiles.

Design choice

Why did we choose this particular project?

• Frame walls filled with insulation provide effective thermal insulation at minimal cost. In addition, they will easily tolerate a slight deformation at.

To clarify: some alternative solutions (for example, sip panels) guarantee better insulation with greater structural rigidity.
However, when using them, the costs that the construction or rebuilding of a garden house will result in will increase markedly.

• The columnar foundation again means minimal costs with a small amount of excavation. All alternatives are more complicated and more expensive. Yes, this type of foundation has a small bearing capacity; however, the mass of the frame structure is more than small.
• Bituminous tiles, laid on a solid shield, attract with the complete absence of noise in rainy weather. Not only that: the shield under it will greatly simplify the thermal insulation work.

So let's get started.

Foundation

The construction of garden houses, like any other, begins with marking and laying the foundation.

Since the material for sheathing the wall frame will be OSB (oriented strand board), which has standard dimensions of 2500x1200 mm, it will be logical to make the length of each wall a multiple of the smaller of its dimensions: 3.6, 4.8 meters, etc.

The maximum step between the pillars should not exceed 2 meters. This applies not only to the perimeter: internal partitions must be supported by their own props.

After the position of the supports is marked, we proceed to their construction:

1. We tear off pits about 50x50 cm in size and at least half a meter deep.
2. We fill each of them with rubble. The height of the bedding is 20 cm.
3. We ram the crushed stone with a manual rammer.
4. We form a concrete pad 10 cm thick over the bedding. The concrete grade is M100. With independent mixing, you can focus on the following proportions of the materials that make up the concrete (in terms of one cubic meter):

Strength grade	Cement M400, kg	Crushed stone, kg	Sand, kg	Water, l
M100	210	1080	870	210
M150	235	1080	855	210
M200	286	1080	795	210
M250	332	1080	750	215
M300	282	1080	705	220

1. We lay out on the cement mortar columns of red brick the size of a brick or one and a half. A piece of 14 mm reinforcement is laid in the middle of the column, on which we will anchor the grillage.

Please note: the height of the grillage (and, accordingly, the pillars) must be at least +25 cm from the ground level.
The columns are displayed in the horizon due to the thickness of the seams.
From above, each column is waterproofed with two layers of roofing material.

Floor

Grillage

The material of the grillage is larch, a wood that is exceptionally resistant to decay. Cross section - 150 mm. The beam is drilled where it will sit on the anchor; in the corners, the grillage is connected in half a tree.

lags

They will be boards 50x150 mm with a step of 60 cm, placed on edge.

The lag material in this case does not matter much: inexpensive pine is quite suitable. Logs can be attached directly to the grillage beam with galvanized corners using galvanized self-tapping screws.

Warming

The construction of garden houses used for living in early spring and late autumn implies their insulation.

It is necessary to insulate, among other things, the floor.

1. At the bottom of the lag, cranial bars are stuffed.
2. They are covered with flooring from a board with a thickness of 20-25 mm.
3. Above - a layer of vapor barrier.
4. Then the space between the lags is filled with mineral wool.

1. A waterproofing film is laid over the lags.

The flooring of 40 mm tongue-and-groove boards is laid after the frame has been built.

Walls

frame

Corner posts and upper trim are made of timber 100x100 mm; fastening - already familiar to us galvanized corners. At the time of the construction of the frame, the racks are reinforced with slopes; the structure will reach full rigidity after sheathing. Material for intermediate racks and crossbars - board 50x100.

Attention: window and door openings are tied with a board around the entire perimeter.

sheathing

Sheets of 12 - mm OSB are fastened with galvanized self-tapping screws 51 - 55 mm long in increments of no more than 25 cm. The joints of the sheets should fall exclusively on the racks.

By the way: if you foam the joint before screwing in the screws, the walls will be noticeably warmer.

Warming

The vapor barrier is laid under the insulation from the side of the outer skin; its second layer closes the insulation from the inside after the mineral wool mats are installed spaced between the posts. From the inside, they are sewn up later, in the process of interior decoration.

Roof and attic

On the construction of walls, the construction of a garden house with our own hands does not end: we have to build a roof.

1. We lay ceiling beams on top of the upper trim (boards 50x100, placed on edge). We fasten them with corners. Step - the same 60 cm as for the racks.
2. We put rafters from the same board on the corners. We connect each pair of rafters with a horizontal jumper on a hairpin. For temporary fastening of the truss system, we again use jibs.

1. We construct frames of gables with strapping of light windows and an entrance.
2. We sew up the roof (including gables) with 15 mm OSB sheets and cover it with a substrate under the tiles.
3. We cover the floor of the attic on top of the previously laid vapor barrier with a board - edged or tongue-and-groove, depending on whether the attic will be operated.
4. We install mineral wool slabs between the ceiling beams and fasten the vapor barrier from below with a stapler.
5. If it is necessary to insulate the attic, we perform similar operations under the roof.
6. We cover the roof with bituminous tiles. Sheets are fastened with galvanized nails.

In this article, we will look at how to build a frame garden house with our own hands on a suburban area. It will significantly increase the functionality of your cottage at a relatively small financial cost. You only need to perform a few assembly steps.

Construction works

Before starting construction work, you should draw up a project for the future house:

Step 1: project

A distinctive feature of the garden frame house is its small size, which is usually 4 by 4 or 6 by 6 meters. You can easily distribute such a small area for domestic needs yourself.

The following should be noted on the drawing:

• The exact dimensions of load-bearing walls and internal partitions.
• Hallway, kitchen, living room and bedroom. This is the minimum set of rooms that will allow you to use the building as a full-fledged housing.
• The location of stationary heavy furniture, as reinforcement under it may be required.

Tip: if you plan to use the building all year round, then you should immediately include the location of the stove in the project.
This will create a suitable microclimate for living even in winter.

• All windows and doors.

Step 2: foundation

When building any house, three options for the foundation are considered:

Taking into account the fact that in our project there is no basement and second floors, and the opportunity to save money is always welcome, we opt for laying a columnar base.

Instructions for performing the necessary work:

1. We apply markings for the location of nine or more, depending on the layout, piles.
2. We dig holes in the ground with a depth of one and a half meters and a section of twenty centimeters.

Tip: A drill can be used to create suitable holes in the ground. This way you can get the job done faster and more accurately.

1. We insert the asbestos pipe so that its edges rise at least 15 cm above the level of soil freezing.
2. We fall asleep at the bottom of a twenty-centimeter layer of sand cushion.
3. We lay roofing material inside the walls of the pipe to create waterproofing.
4. We install fittings.
5. Fill with concrete mortar, the composition of which is shown in the following table:

Ingredient	Ratio
Cement	1
Sand	3
rubble	5
Water	4,5

After setting the cement, you can proceed to further work.

Step 3: frame

1. We take a beam with a section of 150 by 100 mm and lay out the lower harness from it along the perimeter of the future building, as well as in the middle at the intersection of the rooms.

1. We drill holes in the beam and concrete, after which we fix the strapping with self-tapping screws with dowels.
2. Between ourselves, we knock down the wooden elements with nails, using the type of connection "in half a tree".
3. Next, install the vertical beams.

1. From above we connect all the racks together, thus forming the upper trim.
2. We sheathe the resulting “skeleton” with a bar 100 by 100 mm.

Step 4: Roofing

For your project, a gable roof is best suited, which has an aesthetic appearance and excellent protection from atmospheric precipitation. To create rafters, we use beams with a section of 100 by 50 mm. From above, we cover the structure with boards 150 by 25 mm and sheets of roofing material.

Step 5: interior decoration

A do-it-yourself frame garden house will not be finished without interior work:

1. Floor:

1. We cover the ceiling and walls with clapboard. At the same time, additional insulation can also be made if you plan to come to the country house in winter.

The final stage is the supply of the necessary communications and. After that, you can safely invite guests to celebrate the completion of construction work.

Conclusion

The presence of a garden house on a country plot allows you to use it for temporary or even permanent residence, full-fledged reception of guests, storage of household supplies. It will also serve as a base building for builders in case of building a large cottage.

And most importantly, you can build it on your own without the involvement of specialists, the main thing is to fast with patience, attention and follow the recommendations above. The video in this article will introduce you to additional information. Good luck with the installation work!

Having decided to build a country house, you should choose a land plot, determine the location, select a project plan, and select building materials. It is best to involve specialists to draw up a project and build a building, but you can do it on your own.

After the construction site is selected, you need to draw a sketch of the future house. The ideal option would be to order a project plan from a specialized company, since only specialists will be able to correctly calculate the size of the house, make the correct and convenient layout of the premises, calculate the supply of all communications, select building materials and make an approximate estimate.

Most people associate a country house with a small building located in the bosom of nature. It can be either a spacious mansion or a small structure made of wood or other materials.

As a rule, country houses are small in size. They can have several bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen and a bathroom. The rooms in such houses are small in size, since the building is designed for temporary residence in the warm season. The main thing is that the layout of the building is convenient for the owners.

Types of country houses

Modern projects of country houses are significantly different from their predecessors. They are assembled as designers for innovative technologies. Buildings of a modular type are easily and simply assembled and disassembled if necessary.

By type, collapsible cottages are divided into:

1. Modular cottages for a wide range of applications. Such a building can be both small and two-story.
2. Garden houses or change houses are quite practical structures in which you can store inventory or live in the warm season.
3. Hunting lodges used for temporary residence.

Prefabricated houses can have one or two floors. They are designed for a comfortable stay with friends or family members. They have a kitchen, often combined with a dining room, several bedrooms, a children's room and a living room. The installation of such a structure is quite simple. The building is mounted on prepared flat ground and does not require additional costs and earthworks.

As a rule, prefabricated structures are installed without a foundation. The model house consists of a metal frame, and its external cladding can be made of sandwich panels, wall decking. From above, it is equipped with a roof made of metal or corrugated board. Inside, it is easiest to sheathe the walls with clapboard, wall panels. Warming is carried out with mineral wool or foam.

Also, country houses may not be prefabricated, but stationary. They are much more common. You can build a stationary structure on your own. For this, different technologies and materials are used:

• A house made of wooden panels is distinguished by reliability, comfort, environmental friendliness, and quick construction time.
• Buildings made of logs or wood do not require a capital foundation. They are built within one season and are distinguished by comfort and beauty.
• Frame houses are considered the most affordable in terms of price. They require a simple and pre-fabricated foundation (tape, slab or columnar). Such structures may have one or two floors.
• Brick houses are the most popular. They are considered capital, reliable and durable.

Construction stages

The stages of construction always begin with the selection of a land plot. When choosing, consider:

• the presence of beautiful landscapes;
• soil fertility;
• infrastructure development;
• the possibility of summing up all communications.

After choosing the land, you should take care of fencing the site with a fence. Next, the location of the country house on the site is thought out, construction materials are selected, the entrance to the house and the entrance to the site are thought out. Only after that you can proceed directly to the construction process.

Attention: even if you are going to build a house on your own, one person cannot cope with such a difficult task. Call a friend or family member for help.

Foundation

Any construction of a house begins with a foundation, which is divided into:

• tape;
• pile;
• slab;
• columnar.

It is selected depending on the materials of construction, the type of soil, the size of the house.

Column Foundation is the most common and popular. This is an economical option when building a small building. Such a foundation consists of pillars, the lower part of which goes deep into the ground, and the upper part protrudes outward.

The advantages of building a columnar foundation include:

1. high speed of creation of a basis;
2. the ability to make a foundation on your own, without involving heavy equipment;
3. lack of additional preparatory work;
4. long service life, which is more than a century.

If necessary, such a base can be easily dismantled and assembled again in a new place. The column base can be made of: wood, brick, metal or screw base.
Such a foundation is perfect for frame cottages, log cabins, wooden buildings.

Attention: with a columnar foundation, it will not work to make a basement or a basement.

Such a base is suitable for dense soil, which does not lend itself to shifts and does not freeze much during the cold season.

Tape foundation also in demand. It is durable and reliable, completely repeats the outlines of the entire building.

The strip foundation can be:

• Monolithic. It is constructed on site and poured with concrete mortar.
• Teams. It consists of ready-made reinforced concrete blocks, which are fastened together by welding and poured with concrete.
• Finely serrated, used for construction on solid ground. This option is suitable for light-weight buildings.
• Buried. Withstands high loads and is suitable for large structures.

The main advantages of the strip foundation include:

1. Low cost;
2. Operational terms of installation;
3. Simplicity of design;
4. The ability to withstand significant loads.

This is an ideal option for building a country house of brick, concrete, wood.

Pile foundation installation- the process is quite difficult. Here you will need to pay a considerable amount for materials, you will have to involve heavy equipment. It is not always advisable to build a foundation from piles. If it was decided to make a pile foundation, it will be necessary to prepare materials.

Piles can either be ordered ready-made at the factory, or made on their own directly at the construction site. The finished product is a metal rod with a sharp end. It is hammered or screwed into the soil. If you make piles on your own, you will first need to drill wells, and then install pipes in them and concrete the internal cavities.

Piles for the foundation are:

• Driven, are metal, reinforced concrete or wooden rods.
• Stuffed, made at the construction site in the ground.
• Drilling, installed in a pre-drilled well.
• Screw, which are metal rods with blades. They can be screwed into the ground on their own or hammered using special mechanisms.

For the construction of small cottages, screw piles are most often used.

The advantages of this type of foundation include:

1. Operational terms of installation;
2. Lack of complex earthworks, for example, no need to dig trenches;
3. High strength and reliability of the structure;
4. Long service life.

Such a foundation can be built on any type of soil.

slab the foundation consists of a monolithic reinforced slab, which is laid on a sand cushion. This is ideal for floating ground. The slab base is able to withstand high loads. Its main advantages include:

1. strength and reliability;
2. good bearing capacity;
3. a wide range of applications;
4. durability.

When choosing the foundation of a house, it is worth considering the materials for its construction.

Materials for the construction of cottages

It is possible to build a country house in our time from any materials. Most often, people choose: brick, gas silicate blocks, foam block, wood. Frame structures are also relevant.

Let's look at each option in more detail.

The advantages of country houses made of brick and stone

Since ancient times, people have built brick cottages, because this material has positive characteristics:

• high resistance to negative factors;
• strength and durability;
• resistance to decay and corrosion;
• low thermal conductivity;
• high heat and sound insulation qualities.

A brick house will fit perfectly into any landscape interior. It can have different sizes, shapes and colors. This material is relevant at all times. He is not afraid of any sudden changes in temperature, or high humidity, or sunlight or ultraviolet rays. A brick structure will last more than 100 years and at the same time will not lose either its aesthetic qualities or technical characteristics.

Attention: for the construction of a brick building, you will need to make a costly and powerful foundation. In addition, its construction will take more than one season. But as a result, you will have a family estate that will please you with high comfort and a long service life.

Wooden summer houses

A house for a summer residence made of wood will have powerful energy. In such a house it will always be easy and free to breathe. Any structure made of natural wood allows fresh air to pass through and contributes to a favorable indoor microclimate.

Its main advantages include:

1. Attractive appearance. You can build a house out of wood in any design, size and shape.
2. Environmental friendliness and naturalness. This material does not emit toxic substances, is hypoallergenic and safe.
3. Operational terms of construction. It is possible to build a house of any size from wood within one season, without much effort.
4. Excellent thermal insulation qualities. Wood is a warm material.

Listing the positive aspects of wooden buildings, one can add that such a house is in perfect harmony with nature.

As building materials, it is better to choose glued beams. Having ordered the exact dimensions of the timber at the factory, the house will be assembled like a children's designer within one to two weeks. You can also opt for a cottage from a log house. The main thing here is to choose the right material.

The wood must be well dried and without any flaws or defects. So that the structure does not succumb to decay and no pests start in it, the material is treated with special means and antiseptics.

Construction from different blocks

You can also build a small country house from blocks. It can be: gas silicate blocks, cinder block, foam block. Each individual material has its pros and cons.

And the general advantages of blocks include:

1. fast assembly times due to the large dimensions of the material;
2. resistance to aggressive environment;
3. long service life;
4. affordable cost;
5. ease of installation.

The construction of the blocks will not be afraid of sudden changes in temperature, high humidity, rotting and corrosion. This material is porous and perfectly passes clean air into the room.

The low weight of the material speeds up the construction time and makes the workflow simple. It should be noted the fire resistance of the material and a small load on the foundation.

When choosing blocks, the following factors should be considered:

• gas silicate is hygroscopic, high strength and stability. This is ideal for the construction of load-bearing walls;
• the foam block is afraid of high moisture. With its help, it is better to build internal partitions;
• the foam block is warmer, unlike gas silicate;
• foam block blocks shrink more than gas silicate blocks, so cracks can form on the walls.

frame construction

Special attention should be paid to frame construction. This method of building cottages is considered the most modern. Such a house can be assembled within one to two days, depending on the overall size and number of people on the construction site. As a result, the building has an attractive appearance.

The walls of such structures are manufactured at the factory and delivered to the place of assembly ready-made and in customized dimensions. OSB boards are used in their manufacture. Insulation has already been laid between the plates. All that is required when assembling a frame structure is to prepare a site and build a foundation.

Frame houses are assembled using different technologies: Canadian, German, Finnish. The most ideal option is the frame-frame method. For assembly in this way, you do not need to involve heavy equipment. The building is assembled directly on the site, the house can have any architectural design.

The main advantages of frame houses include:

1. Efficiency. All parts are manufactured at the factory and delivered at the construction site.
2. Ability to work in a limited area.
3. The light weight of the structure, which allows you to make a strip or column foundation.
4. Excellent thermal insulation qualities.

Roof

The shape and type of roof for a summer residence is chosen according to the wishes of the owners. Whichever option you choose, the order of its arrangement will be the same:

1. The rafters are installed first.
2. The grate is being pushed.
3. Thermal insulation materials are laid.
4. The final decorative coating is mounted.

When choosing roofing materials, it is worth considering the region of construction. The most popular and widespread are:

• corrugated board;
• metal tile;
• bituminous tiles;
• soft tiles;
• slate;
• copper roof.

As a rule, a cold roof is made for country houses. If the attic space will not be used as additional living space, then it is not necessary to insulate this space.

In addition, it is customary to live in the country during the warm season. Therefore, you can save a little on the arrangement of the roof.

A cold roof consists of the following elements:

1. load-bearing structure;
2. Waterproofing;
3. Control gratings;
4. battens;
5. roofing material.

Attention: The roof is a complex element of the house, consisting of different layers that fit in a certain order.

Before proceeding with the arrangement of the roof, carefully think over everything, calculate and make drawings.

Each layer of a cold roof performs its own functions:

• the outer coating protects the building from precipitation;
• crate is necessary for laying the outer covering;
• a counter-lattice is needed to provide a ventilation gap;
• waterproofing protects the house from high humidity;
• a ventilation gap prevents the collection of moisture in the layers of materials;
• the rafter system is the basis of the roofing pie. It creates space for laying layers of insulation if necessary and helps to organize the attic space;
• vapor barrier removes wet vapors from the room;
• the inner lining is intended for fixing the metal tile.

All these layers protect the house from negative environmental factors. Such a roof is suitable for any non-residential premises: a garage, an outbuilding. It is also often made for residential buildings, where a warm roof is simply not needed.

Important: the slopes of the cold roof are mounted without insulation, but the attic from below must be insulated.

The process of installing a cold roof with soft tiles:

1. Creation of a truss system.
2. We lay a continuous crate of plywood or OSB on the rafters.
3. We install cornice strips - droppers and fix them after 10 cm.
4. In the same way, we mount the end strips.
5. On top of the lining, lay a trendy carpet.
6. We proceed to laying the tiles, starting from the eaves and moving to the ridge.
7. On top of the plank, we lay a cornice row with deviations from the edge of 3-5 cm. We close the joints of the eaves planks with petals.
8. All subsequent rows are laid similarly to the first. Make sure that the petals overlap the fastening joints of the previous layers each time.
9. At the ends and in the valleys, we cut the tiles and put them on glue, followed by fixing with nails.
10. In places of junction with walls and pipes, we install bars of triangular section. We put tiles and carpet on bars and put them on glue.
11. We mount an aerator on the ridge. It comes with tiles.
12. We lay ridge tiles on top of the aerator.

Important: a cold roof does not provide for the laying of a heat-insulating layer, the presence of ventilation outlets on the slopes and under the ridge to remove moisture.

truss system

The design of the truss structure begins with a competent calculation. In this case, it is worth considering all the little things: the weight of the roof, atmospheric loads, the angle of the roof, and the like.

Attention: the design of the truss system should be carried out by a highly qualified specialist.

According to the configurations of the roof are divided into:

• lean-to;
• gable;
• attic;
• tent;
• multi-forceps.

The most successful option when building a summer cottage of a small size will be the choice of a pitched roof. This design is distinguished by acceptable cost and ease of self-assembly.

If the choice was stopped on a gable roof, its advantages include:

1. Simplicity and efficiency of installation;
2. Practicality and rationality of operation;
3. Elegant and noble appearance.

Such a roof is distinguished by a modest and beautiful exterior. It is easy to repair, ergonomic and economical.

If you live in the country for a long time, you can build a house with an attic. The advantages of a mansard roof include:

1. Rational use of free space;
2. Extra space for any room;
3. Nice looking building.

Installation of windows and doors

After the walls, interior partitions, roofing system are built, you can proceed to the installation of windows and doors. Recently, people prefer metal-plastic windows, which are distinguished by their stylish appearance, high thermal and sound insulation qualities, long service life and quick installation.

Plastic windows, as a rule, are installed by the company in which they were ordered.
As for the installation of doors, they can be ordered with or without installation. If you want to save your own savings, you can install the door yourself. You won't run into any special problems. The main thing is to install the box evenly and purchase the required amount of construction foam.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for building a cottage from foam blocks

The construction of a cottage from a foam block begins with:

1. Design, purchase of materials, site marking.
2. Next, the foundation is laid. A good choice would be a tape base.
3. After the base has completely dried, you can proceed to the forcing of the walls. Foam blocks are laid strictly in a horizontal order, along the transverse and longitudinal edges. Check the operation of the laser level. It is very important to lay out the first row evenly. It is from him that the entire accuracy of the future construction directly depends.
4. After laying the first row of the foam block, reinforced work is carried out. Then they are made every 4 rows. Don't forget to leave openings for windows and doors.
5. After forcing the walls, you can proceed to the interior partitions.
6. Next, the floor of the house is made of wooden beams.
7. The final stage of construction construction is the erection of the roof.

Installation and floor insulation

After the frame of the house is built, the interior partitions are made, and even windows and doors are installed, you can start interior work. Before starting repair and finishing work, it is necessary to make floors and additionally insulate the building.

There are many ways to insulate floors. Someone prefers economical options using expanded clay, sand and clay, while someone uses modern materials.

First you have to take care of the insulation of the subfloor. To do this, you need to prepare the following tools:

• level;
• hacksaw;
• a hammer;
• screwdriver;
• roulette.

The workflow for warming the subfloor is reduced to the following works:

1. All dust and dirt is removed from the surface of the subfloor.
2. Next, a layer of waterproofing is laid. For this, ruberoid is most often used.
3. After that, wooden logs are laid.
4. A polyethylene waterproofing layer is again laid on top.
5. The heater is falling.
6. From above, a finishing floor is made of boards.

As a heater for floors, you can use mineral wool, polystyrene foam, sawdust.
Now you can start leveling all surfaces and interior decorative and finishing work.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that building a small cottage on your own is quite simple. To do this, you need to stock up on free time, purchase building materials, draw up a project plan, and you can start work.

It is quite difficult to say for sure how much the construction of a small summer cottage will cost. It depends on the chosen materials, on its dimensions and on other factors. In any case, building a building with your own hands will cost several times cheaper than building a building by qualified specialists.

If you follow all the requirements and be familiar with the intricacies and sequence of work, the country house will turn out to be attractive, durable and reliable, will last for many years, delighting its owners with hospitality in the warm season.

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Have you purchased a homestead? Then we can safely congratulate you on the beginning of your country life! Surely this was a long-awaited event for you, and now you are looking forward to growing your own fruits, vegetables and just a wonderful vacation as far away from the bustle of the city as possible. Very often, plots are sold with houses already built on them, but if this is not your case, and you definitely want to build a summer house on your own, then our article is for you. Today we will talk about the types of country houses, materials for their construction and how to inexpensively build a country house with your own hands.

How to save

Basically for giving choose small compact houses consisting of a kitchen, a bedroom, a bathroom and a veranda. Building a country house with your own hands is not necessarily a costly and time-consuming process. It is quite possible to choose an inexpensive house project that meets all your requirements of comfort and convenience. If the budget is strictly limited, then you can save on building materials. The main thing is that the building is safe. Before starting construction, you need to choose the exact location of the future home, choose a ready-made one or create your own project and decide on the materials.

Location selection

Construction of country houses without fail starts with choosing a location. Basically, the area of ​​​​such a house is from 24 to 30 square meters. Larger dimensions are used much less often, most often it is no longer a house for spending the summer season, but a place where you can live all year round with a large family. When planning the location of the house, you should mainly rely on the requirements of your gardening partnership. But there are basic requirements that do not depend on the region and local administration. Namely:

In order to avoid flooding during heavy rains and snowmelt, it is better to build a cottage on an elevated place. Excessive moisture leads to faster deterioration of the materials from which you will build. This is especially true of frame wooden houses.

Types of country houses

Most often, one-story buildings with an open or closed veranda are erected in the country. Very popular cottages with an attic- since it can store a considerable amount of things that are not used daily. If there is no attic space, then the roof will be the ceiling. There are three most common types of country houses:

• log cabin;
• frame country house;
• block or brick house.

But what if you have a large family, and there is not as much space for construction as you would like? There is a wonderful way out - build a two-story house. The first floor can be used as a kitchen and living room, as well as a terrace, but on the second floor you will get excellent lounges.

When designing your cottage, take care of the insulation. Despite the fact that the summer house is used in the warm season and requires, as such, the insulation of the walls and floor, there are also rainy cold days on which you will certainly want to warm up. Most summer residents use such devices for heating as convectors, oil coolers and electric heaters. But if desired, the construction of a stove or fireplace can be included in the house project.

Material selection

If you have already prepared a project for your house, then it's time to start selection of material for its construction. The total cost of the house, its comfort and appearance directly depend on the choice of building materials.

The most popular material is undoubtedly wood. Many opt for wood due to its environmental friendliness, pleasant smell and relatively low price. It remains only to choose - there will be a building made of timber or logs, or generally give preference to the frame type. Despite the high flammability of this material, you should not be so afraid to build from wood. Indeed, today there is an incredible range of various impregnations and other coatings that protect wooden coatings from the effects of fire and minimize the risk of a sharp fire. Well, in general, it all depends on you - how accurate and responsible you are in security matters.

Build a brick house- a much more expensive undertaking. But there is a significant advantage over wood - the durability of such a structure and higher fire safety, since it is much less susceptible to fire. And when installing a stove or heating in such a house, it will be easy to overwinter. Probably the only drawback is the high financial costs and the longer construction process. In the same category, you can safely add block houses made of foam concrete and expanded clay concrete blocks.

Most often, several types of materials are used at once. For example, the house itself is framed and built of wood, and the foundation is built of concrete and bricks. In principle, this option can be called optimal, since it includes a moisture-resistant foundation and an excellent basis for frame wooden walls. It is the construction of this type of country house that we will consider in more detail.

Construction stages

To start clearly calculate the amount of all building materials needed to build the house. Decide in advance on color and texture solutions. The amount of purchased materials directly depends on the design of your house. If you do not have the time or desire to conduct a thorough calculation of all expenses, then you can buy a model of a finished house in a prefabricated form. This will simplify the construction process - after all, you only need to prepare the necessary area and, in fact, the assembly itself. But, if you still want to build a house inside and out with your own hands, then be patient and proceed to this, albeit difficult, but pleasant business.

Foundation

You need to purchase:

• sand, cement, crushed stone and expanded clay (middle fraction);
• boards and bars of not the highest quality;
• concrete blocks or bricks;
• roofing material or other vapor barrier material.

There are two main types of foundation for summer houses: strip and columnar. Which one to choose is only your decision. Columnar is chosen much more often due to the lower need for building materials and simple execution, which can be easily handled alone. The strip foundation is stronger and more durable, but much more building materials will be required. Yes, and the construction process itself is quite time-consuming - you need to dig trenches around the perimeter of the house and all rooms, isolate it from moisture, lay reinforcement and pour everything with concrete mortar. Moreover, it takes almost a month to solidify such a foundation.

Walls and roof

For building walls and roofs pre-purchase:

Further, the installation of support beams is carried out at a distance of at least 60 centimeters from each other. They are attached to the coronal bars with the help of metal corners. After that, you can start building walls. You can assemble the frame separately and attach it ready-made, or start assembling directly on the strapping bars. The size of the bars for frame walls should be no less than 10 by 10 centimeters. If you use boards, their cross section should be no less than 5 by 15 centimeters.

When installing uprights, remember to openings for windows and doors. The door opening must be additionally strengthened with an additional rack. After the construction of the frame, they are engaged in its sheathing. Most often used lining. It is advisable to complete the sheathing process before covering the roof, as this will strengthen the entire structure and add rigidity to the walls.

When installing the roof it is necessary to determine its type. A flat roof is more simple and economical in execution, but the most popular is still a gable roof. The truss structure of such a roof can be layered or hanging. For a small house without load-bearing walls inside, a hanging truss system is quite suitable. Hanging rafters are fixed with a special pull and thereby relieve excessive load on the walls. The layered system, on the other hand, assumes the presence of load-bearing walls, on which there is an additional emphasis on the rafters. After installing the rafters and slope elements, you can proceed to the roofing.

This process starts with vapor barrier film- this is done perpendicular to the rafter system, and each next layer must overlap the previous one. Only after that you can start laying corrugated board or other material you have chosen for coverage. Do not forget to organize a drainage system.

So, the walls are set, the roof is covered - which means that it's time to start installing windows and doors. Following this, you can insulate walls and floors and engage in interior finishing work.

When acquiring a land plot, the most pressing question is how to build a dacha and, importantly, how to build a dacha cheaply.

There are many ways to build a country house. It can be built from brick, expanded clay concrete, wood, gas silicate blocks or a combined material. Each material has advantages and disadvantages, so the choice depends on the purpose of the building and the functions required of it.

In order to build a cottage inexpensively with your own hands, you should pay attention to frame construction. Frame houses are built very quickly, and if you use inexpensive finishing materials, such houses are much cheaper than others.

Our example tells how to properly build a cottage on a frame basis. We will build a one-story house, with a veranda and a gable roof.

Stages of building a cottage

1. Pouring the foundation

Any construction starts with a foundation. For our frame house, we need a columnar foundation. First, with a hand drill, we drill holes 80-100 cm deep along the perimeter and over the entire area of ​​​​the future structure. As a formwork, a roofing material tube with a diameter of 20 cm is used. We insert roofing material sleeves into the corner pits and fill it with concrete mix, insert the studs.

Then we fill in all the other piles, level, tamp the ground around the pillars. We leave the concrete to "ripen".

2. Lower frame trim

From the boards with a section of 15x5 cm, laid on the foundation, we make the lower harness. We fix all strapping boards with screws. We align the lower part of the frame and make grooves for the floor log, having previously marked their location.

We attach the logs to the strapping and the pillars of the foundation. Be sure to do antiseptic treatment of the boards.

3. Draft floor

We lay the subfloor boards on evenly spaced logs. After fixing them, we cover them with glassine, attach the bars and lay a layer of foam.

We add bars at the junction of moisture-resistant OSB boards and put another layer of foam. Gaps and cracks are sealed with mounting foam.

We complete the creation of the platform by laying 12 mm OSB boards and fixing them with nails.

4. House walls

There are several ways to build the walls of a frame house. You can initially build the entire frame from load-bearing boards, and then do wall cladding or build each wall separately. In our case, the frame of a separate wall is first fixed, and then sheathed with slabs. Be sure to use jibs to support the structure.

In the right places we make openings for windows and doors, strengthening them with additional bars. We install interior partitions and top trim.

5. Rafter system

After the final construction of the walls, we proceed to the installation of rafters, pre-made from timber according to the template. The structure is reinforced with a horizontal lintel.

We cover the rafters with a waterproofing material and make a crate and a counter-crate of the roof. We attach an anti-condensation film. We cover the roof with a metal profile with a wave height of 21 mm. We close up facades with plates.

6. Exterior finish

We cover all external walls of the house with siding over OSB boards. We install windows and doors.