What is a monologue reasoning. What is dialogue and monologue? Types, examples. The most famous monologues in world literature

This article answers the question: "What is a dialogue and a monologue?". It presents the characteristics of these two forms of speech, definitions, varieties of each of them, punctuation and other features. We hope that our article will help you to understand the differences between them in as much detail as possible, to learn something new for yourself.

Dialogue: definition

Dialogue is a form of speech, which is a conversation between two or more persons, which consists of an exchange of remarks between them. The main unit of dialogue is called dialogical unity - this is a thematic (semantic) combination into one of several separate remarks, which is an exchange of statements, opinions, each of which is connected with the previous one and depends on it.

The existence of dialogic unity is explained by the connection of heterogeneous replicas (addition, distribution, narration, agreement-disagreement, question-answer, speech etiquette formulas).

Sometimes it can also exist thanks to statements that are a reaction not to the previous remark of the interlocutor, but in general to the situation of speech, in which the participant in the conversation asks a counter question:

What is dialogue and monologue in your opinion?

What do you think?

The nature of statements may depend on a variety of factors: primarily on the personalities of the participants in the dialogue with their speech tactics and strategy, on their speech culture, the factor of having a "potential listener" (who does not take part in the conversation, although he is present at it), the degree of officiality of that environment in which communication takes place.

Interaction types

The code of relations between the participants in the conversation also influences the characteristics of the replicas, i.e. their type of interaction. There are three main types: cooperation, dependence and equality. The degree of formality of the environment depends on the control of the speakers over their speech and compliance with language requirements and norms.

Dialogue Structure

Dialogue in Russian always has a certain structure, which in most types remains the same: first comes the beginning, then the main part, and finally the ending. The beginning can be one of the many formulas of speech etiquette (Hello, Vasily Vladimirovich!) Or the first interrogative remark (What time is it?), As well as a judgment remark (Wonderful weather today!).

It should be noted that the length of the dialogue can theoretically be infinite, because its lower border can remain open. Almost every dialogue in the Russian language can be continued by increasing the dialogic units of which it consists. However, in practice, dialogic speech has an ending (a phrase of speech etiquette (Goodbye!), A replica-consent (Undoubtedly!) Or a replica-answer).

Dialogue Features

Dialogue is a natural form of communication that is primary. Therefore, in colloquial speech, this form is most widely used. But the dialogue (whose definition was given above) is also present in journalistic, scientific and official business speech.

Conditions for the dialogue

For the emergence of a dialogue, on the one hand, an initial common base of information is needed, which the participants will share, and on the other hand, it is necessary that there is a minimum difference in the knowledge of the participants in this speech interaction. Otherwise, they will not be able to convey information to each other about the corresponding subject of speech, which means that the dialogue will be unproductive. That is, lack of information negatively affects the productivity of this form of speech. Such a factor can appear not only with low speech competence of the participants in the conversation, but also if they have no desire to start a dialogue or develop it.

A dialogue in which there is only one of the forms of speech etiquette, called etiquette forms, has a formal meaning, in other words, it is not informative. At the same time, the participants have no need or desire to receive information, however, the dialogue itself is formally generally accepted in some situations (for example, when meeting in public places):

Hello!

How are you doing?

OK, thank you. And you?

Everything is fine, I work slowly.

So far, happy!

An indispensable condition for the emergence of a dialogue aimed at obtaining new information is the need for communication. This factor arises as a result of a potential gap in the possession of information and knowledge between its participants.

Dialog types

According to the tasks and goals, the roles of interlocutors and the situation of communication, the following types of dialogues are distinguished: business conversation, everyday dialogue and interview.

Distinctive features of everyday dialogue are a possible deviation from the topic, unplannedness, lack of goals and the need for any decision, a variety of topics of discussion, personal expression, the widespread use of non-verbal (non-verbal) means and communication techniques, conversational style.

A business conversation is a communication mainly between two participants in a conversation, which is therefore largely interpersonal in nature. At the same time, various techniques and methods of verbal and non-verbal influence of participants on each other are used. A business conversation, although it always has a specific subject, is more personally oriented (unlike, for example, business negotiations) and takes place mainly between representatives of the same company.

An interview is a communication between a member of the press and someone whose identity is of public interest. Its distinguishing feature is two-address, that is, the interviewer (the one who conducts the interview), when directly addressing the addressee, builds a special dramaturgy of the conversation, relying primarily on the peculiarities of its perception by future readers.

Dialogue punctuation marks

Spelling dialogues in Russian is a very simple topic. If the speakers' remarks begin with a new paragraph, a dash is written before each of them, for example:

What is dialogue and monologue?

These are two forms of speech.

And how do they differ from each other?

The number of participants.

If the replicas are selected without indicating belonging to one or another person, each of them is framed in quotation marks and separated from the next with a dash. For example: "What is dialogue and monologue?" - Forms of Speech. - "Thanks for the tip!".

In the event that the words of the author follow after the statement, the dash is omitted before the next of them: "How do you live?" asked Maria Petrovna. "Nothing, slowly," replied Igor Olegovich.

Knowing these simple rules and applying them in practice, you can always correctly compose a dialogue.

Monologue: Definition

The monologue has a relative length in time (it consists of parts of different volume, which are statements related in meaning and structure), and also differs in the diversity and richness of the vocabulary. The topics of the monologue are very different, which can spontaneously change during its development.

Types of monologue

It is customary to distinguish two main types of monologue.

1. Monologue speech, which is a process of purposeful, conscious communication and appeal to the listener, is mainly used in the oral form of book speech: scientific oral (for example, a report or an educational lecture), oral public and judicial speech. The greatest development was the monologue in artistic speech.

2. A monologue as a speech alone with oneself, that is, directed not to the direct listener, but to oneself. This kind of speech is called "inner monologue". It is not designed to elicit a response from one person or another.

A monologue, examples of which are numerous, can be both spontaneous, unprepared (most often it is used in colloquial speech), and pre-planned, prepared.

Types of monologue by goals

According to the purpose pursued by the statement, there are three main types: informational speech, persuasive and inciting.

The main goal of information is the transfer of knowledge. The speaker in this case takes into account, first of all, the intellectual and cognitive abilities of the perception of the text by the listeners.

A variety of informational monologue are various speeches, reports, lectures, reports, messages.

A persuasive monologue is directed primarily to the emotions and feelings of the listener. The speaker first of all takes into account the susceptibility of the latter. To this type of speech belong: solemn, congratulatory, parting words.

A motivational monologue (examples of which are political speeches that are very popular in our time) is primarily aimed at inducing listeners to various actions. It includes: speech-protest, political speech, speech-call for action.

The compositional form of the monologue

A monologue of a person in its structure represents a compositional form, depending either on the functional-semantic or on the genre-stylistic affiliation. The following types of genre-stylistic monologue are distinguished: oratorical speech, official business and artistic monologue on the Russian language, as well as other types. Functional-semantic include narrative, description, reasoning.

Monologues vary in degree of formality and preparedness. So, for example, an oratorical speech is always a pre-planned and prepared monologue, which is certainly pronounced in an official setting. But to some extent it is an artificial form of speech, always striving to become a dialogue. Therefore, any monologue has various means of dialogization. These include, for example, rhetorical questions, appeals, a question-answer form of speech, etc. In other words, this is everything that speaks of the desire of the speaker to increase the speech activity of his addressee-interlocutor, to cause his reaction.

The monologue distinguishes between the introduction (in which the subject of the speech is determined by the speaker), the main part and the conclusion (in which the speaker sums up his speech).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be noted that monologue and dialogue are the two main forms of speech, which differ from each other in the number of subjects participating in communication. Dialogue is a primary and natural form, as a way of exchanging opinions and thoughts between its participants, and a monologue is a detailed statement in which only one person is the narrator. Both monologue and dialogic speech exist both in oral and written form, although the latter is always based on monologue speech, and dialogic on the basis of the oral form.

What is monologue and dialogue? These are forms of expression that are found in cinema, in literature, and in everyday speech. We participate in dialogues every day. Monologues are less common in colloquial speech. What is a dialogue? How is it different from a monologue? What are the features of these forms of expression? What are the types of monologue and dialogue? These questions can be answered in today's article.

Monologue

What is a dialogue? This is a conversation between several people. Only one person takes part in the monologue. This is its main difference from the conversation. A common feature of monologue and dialogue is that these forms of utterance can be expressed both orally and in writing.

In works of art, characters share statements. One of the characters suddenly makes a long speech, while asking a lot of rhetorical questions. In other words, he talks without expecting to get a response from his listeners. This is the monologue. Translated from the ancient Greek language, the term means "speech".

Students are well aware of what a monologue is. They hear him in lectures almost every day. The school teacher also tends to reason, but his speech, as a rule, includes elements of a conversation. Examples of monologue and dialogue can be heard on television. What form of utterance is the president's New Year's speech? Of course, a monologue. But if the same president or any other public person answers journalists' questions, this is already a dialogue.

In ancient literature

A monologue is a passage of a lyrical or epic nature. He interrupts, distracts the reader, switches him to reflections. The monologue appeared in Antiquity. It is not surprising, because the ancient Greeks were the first dramatic authors.

Often the monologue in the ancient drama was a discussion on a topic that had nothing to do with the main action. In the comedies of Aristophanes, for example, the choir addresses the audience from time to time - it tells about events that otherwise cannot be told on stage. Aristotle called the monologue an important component of the drama. However, among its other elements, he gave this form of utterance the last place.

Kinds

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the monologue in plays played a more important role. He helped to reveal the character of the hero, sometimes bringing some sharpness to the plot. In the works of monologues there are the following types:

• Apart. The character says a few words to the side, thereby revealing his inner state.
• Stanzas. The hero delivers a long poetic speech.
• Mindflow. This type of monologue is a character's thoughts that do not require obvious logic, do not have a clear literary structure.
• Author's word. Appeal of the author to the reader through one of the characters.
• Dialogue in solitude. The reasoning of the character with another actor who does not hear him.

Dialogue

Above, we figured out what a monologue is. Dialogue is a form of utterance that is invariably present in dramatic, prose works, in addition, it is constantly used by people in everyday speech. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato treated this type of speech quite respectfully. He systematically used dialogue as an independent literary form.

Monologue and dialogue have been used by poets and writers for over two thousand years. Nevertheless, the second form of speech was very popular among ancient authors. After Plato, dialogue became the main literary genre in ancient Greek literature.

Types of dialogues:

• Diverse.
• Question dialogue.
• Structured.

The meanings of the words "dialogue" and "monologue" have hardly changed since ancient times. Logos means "word" in Greek. "Mono" - "one", "dia" - "two". However, the term "dialogue" today means a conversation between two or more people. Although there is another, more appropriate concept - "polylogue".

It is worth saying a few words about the most famous work of Plato. "Dialogues" were created in the III century BC. In this work, the ancient Greek author outlined the philosophical reasoning of famous sages. The title of each part of the book contains the name of the most significant character. Plato's "Dialogues" include the "Apology of Socrates", "Phaedo, or On the Soul", "The Sophist, or On Being", "Feast, or On the Good", etc.

Consider the most famous monologues and dialogues in Russian. Among the examples below, there are descriptions of scenes from foreign literature.

"Hamlet"

Monologue, dialogue - types of speech that are components of any work of art. Those created by talented authors scatter into quotes. The monologues uttered by Shakespeare's characters are extremely famous. And above all, Hamlet. By the way, unlike dialogue, a monologue is a form of speech that allows you to maximize the experience of the hero.

Hamlet's reflections on the meaning of life, his doubts about the correctness of the chosen actions - all this was reflected primarily in mοnοlοg, οsοbennο in speech, which begins with the words "To be or not to be?" In response to the eternal question, the essence of the tragedy of Shakespeareοvskοgο manifested itself - the tragedy of personality, which came into this world too early and saw all its imperfections.

Stand up "on the sea of ​​troubles" and slay them, or pοkοrish "with slings and arrows of a violent fate"? Hamlet must choose one of two possibilities. And at this moment, the hero, as before, doubts: is it worth fighting for life, which "feeds only evil"? Or refuse to fight?

Hamlet understands that fate has destined him for the establishment of justice in the Danish kοrοlstvo, but οn οlgο does not dare to join the fight. Οn understands that there is only one way to defeat evil - to use the same evil. But this way can distort the most noble goal.

The hero of Shakespeare does not want to live according to the principle that most of the inhabitants follow - "to achieve the goal, all means xοrοshi." Therefore, he decides to "sleep and die - and that's all..." Death is one of the possible consequences of the internal struggle, which is expressed in this expressive mοnοlοge.

Every actor dreams of playing Hamlet. The monologue of this hero is invariably read by talented and mediocre applicants at entrance exams to theater universities. In the list of the best performers of the role of the famous Shakespearean character, one of the first places is occupied by the Soviet actor Innokenty Smoktunovsky. In order to understand what a monologue is, to appreciate its role in revealing the artistic image, it is worth watching the 1964 film.

Marmeladov's speech

Dostoevsky is a master of creating vivid monologues and dialogues. Unique, extremely deep in content speeches are made in his books by heroes, both main and secondary. One example is the monologue of the official Marmeladov - an unfortunate, insignificant, degraded man. In the words that the character utters, referring to Raskolnikov, there is boundless pain, self-flagellation, a strange desire to belittle you. Key words in Marmeladov's monologue: "Poverty is not a vice, poverty is a vice."

It is worth saying that an excerpt from Crime and Punishment, which shows the meeting of the protagonist with Sonya's father, can also be called a dialogue. Raskolnikov talks with Marmeladov, learns about the details of his life. However, it is the drunken official who delivers a speech here that reveals not only his personal tragedy, but also the tragedy of the entire social stratum of St. Petersburg in the 19th century.

Conversation between the killer and the investigator

An interesting dialogue is present in one of the scenes with the participation of Rodion Romanovich and the bailiff of investigative cases. Raskolnikov talks with Porfiry Petrovich three times. The last meeting takes place in the student's apartment. In this scene, the interrogator shows subtle psychological abilities. He knows who committed the murder. But he has no evidence.

Porfiry Petrovich puts psychological pressure on Raskolnikov, forcing him to confess. This dialogue plays an important role in the plot. However, the key phrase in Dostoevsky's novel is the words of Raskolnikov, which he utters in a conversation with Sonya Marmeladova. Namely, “Am I a trembling creature, or do I have a right?”

"Idiot"

Anastasia Filippovna is one of the most famous heroines in Russian literature. The monologue that she utters at the last meeting with Menshikov is invariably popular with applicants for theater universities. Nastasya Filippovna's speech is riddled with pain and despair. The main character proposes to her. She refuses him. The words that Nastasya Filippovna utters are addressed to the prince. However, this speech can be called a monologue in solitude. Nastasya Filippovna decided to leave with Rogozhin, understands that she is doomed, and delivers a farewell speech.

"Garnet bracelet"

There are many interesting dialogues in Kuprin's story. For example, General Anosov's conversation with the main character. In one of the scenes, after the celebration of Vera's name day, a conversation took place between them, which in some way influenced her attitude towards Zheltkov. The most striking monologue in the "Garnet Bracelet" is, of course, the dying letter of the telegrapher.

"Master and Margarita"

Bulgakov's book contains a huge number of unique dialogues and monologues. The statements of the characters have long turned into aphorisms. The first chapter is called "Never Talk to Strangers". Berlioz and Bezdomny, not knowing anything about the author's warnings, enter into a conversation with a foreigner. Here the characters are revealed. The homeless man shows ignorance. Berlioz - a broad outlook, high intelligence, but at the same time cunning, caution.

Monologue of the Master

The most vivid, interesting dialogues in Bulgakov's novel are dialogues with the participation of Woland's assistants. The deepest monologue belongs to the main character - the Master. In the clinic, he meets the former poet Bezdomny, tells him about his former life. The dialogue smoothly turns into a monologue of loneliness. Or maybe this is the author's word, that is, the appeal of Bulgakov himself to the reader through his hero? The author of The Master and Margarita is one of the most controversial writers of the 20th century. Literary critics have been analyzing monologues, dialogues and descriptions created by him for decades.

"Dog's heart"

There are some pretty interesting interior monologues in this piece. They belong to the main character. But, what is remarkable, he reads them before and after the operation. That is, he mentally argues, reflects on life, he, only being a dog. After the transformation of Sharik into Polygraph Poligrafovich, witty dialogues open up before the reader, causing both a smile and sad thoughts. We are talking about Sharikov's conversations with Professor Preobrazhensky and Bormental.

"Flying over Cuckoo's Nest"

In Ken Kesey's book, the story is built around a monologue. Although there are some memorable dialogues involving McMurphy. Nevertheless, the main character is the leader Bromden, who pretends to be a deaf-mute. However, he perfectly hears and understands everything that is happening around. He acts as an outside observer, a narrator.

Basic information

A monologue as a fragment of an epic or lyrical nature, interrupting the action for a while and switching the viewer to reflection, already appears in ancient drama. Sometimes it was an abstract discussion on topics that were not related to the action of the play, with which the choir addressed the viewer (Aristophanes' comedies) or in the form of messengers' stories about events that could not be imagined on stage. Aristotle in his "Poetics" called the monologue one of the important components of the drama, but assigned him the last place among its elements.
The monologue received a new meaning when the “drama of positions” was replaced by a drama of a new type - the “drama of characters”. Its new stage of development occurred at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries. in the Elizabethan theater and the dramaturgy of the French classicists. In the English theater, the proximity of the characters in the play to the audience created a special atmosphere of action - the viewer became the direct addressee of the spoken speech. To achieve greater emotional impact, monologues were introduced into their romantic tragedies by K. Marlo, T. Kid. The main content of the drama was the spiritual movement of the characters, which the monologue was intended to reveal. So the doubts of the protagonist, facing a difficult choice, were reflected by Shakespeare in one of the most famous monologues of world drama "To be or not to be ..."
A monologue may differ in its dramatic function and literary form.

• by dramatic function:
  • technical monologue, the story of the hero about events that have already occurred or are currently taking place;
  • lyrical monologue, the hero's narrative, revealing his strong emotional experiences;
  • monologue-reflection, or decision-making monologue, a monologue in the conditions of a tough choice, requiring the adoption of some kind of responsible decision, in which the hero sets out to himself the arguments "for" and "against".

• in literary form:
  • apart, a few words aside, characterizing the state of the character;
  • stanzas, poetic reflections of the hero (typical for the dramaturgy of Classicism);
  • dialectic of reasoning, a monologue presented as a logically built sequence of semantic and rhythmic oppositions;
  • mindflow (internal monologue, not to be confused with the Stanislavsky System of the same name), a narrative that represents the free flow of the hero’s thoughts, which does not require obvious logic and does not care about literary construction of speech;
  • author's word, the direct appeal of the author to the public, as a rule, through one of the characters;
  • dialogue in solitude, the dialogue of the hero with the deity, or an appeal to another character in the play, who either does not hear him or does not answer.

Notes

Links

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Article in "Round the World"

see also

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Synonyms:

See what "Monologue" is in other dictionaries:

- (from the Greek monos the only, single and logos word) “one-speech” (soliloque, Selbstgesprach), in dramaturgy, speech, of one character in conditions of stage isolation, pronounced regardless of the replicas of other characters and ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

- (Greek, from monos one, and lego I say). The scene in the theater where the face speaks for itself, expresses its feelings aloud to itself in thought, as opposed to dialogue. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Rechuga Dictionary of Russian synonyms. monologue n., number of synonyms: 8 monologue confession (1) ... Synonym dictionary

monologue- a, m. monologue m. A lengthy speech of a character addressed to another, to a group of characters, to himself or directly to the viewer. ALS 1. His comedy will never be played. Firstly, it is very large, because there are a lot of ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Monologue- MONOLOGUE. A monologue is a speech of a series of sentences of one of the characters in the drama, either in the form of a long replica of a dramatic dialogue, not interrupted by counter-replicas of other characters (an obvious part of the dialogue), or in the form of a separate ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

- (from mono ... and Greek logos speech), a detailed statement of one person; the predominant form in the lyrics, important in the epic and especially in the dramatic genres. In narrative prose of the 19th and 20th centuries. the internal monologue of the characters is spread ... Modern Encyclopedia

- (from mono... and Greek logos speech) a detailed statement of one person; the predominant form in lyrics, important in epic, especially dramatic, genres. In narrative prose of the 19th and 20th centuries. the internal monologue of the characters is spread ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- "MONOLOGUE", USSR, LENFILM, 1972, color, 100 min. Drama. Professor Nikodim Sretensky (Mikhail Gluzsky) has a favorite job, a young daughter and an old hobby, playing with soldiers. The professor becomes an academician, the work drags on, the daughter (Margarita Terekhova) ... ... Cinema Encyclopedia

The speech of the individual: turned off from conversational communication with other individuals; and without immediate response. In English: Monologue See also: Speech Financial Dictionary Finam ... Financial vocabulary

- "MONOLOGUE", verse. meditative nature, belonging to the early philosophy. lyrics L. (1829). In terms of genre, it is a fragment with some formal features of a dramatic one. monologue associated with the previous words of a certain ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

Basic information

A monologue as a fragment of an epic or lyrical nature, interrupting the action for a while and switching the viewer to reflection, already appears in ancient drama. Sometimes it was an abstract discussion on topics that were not related to the action of the play, with which the choir addressed the viewer (Aristophanes' comedies) or in the form of messengers' stories about events that could not be imagined on stage. Aristotle in his "Poetics" called the monologue one of the important components of the drama, but assigned him the last place among its elements.
The monologue received a new meaning when the “drama of positions” was replaced by a drama of a new type - the “drama of characters”. Its new stage of development occurred at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries. in the Elizabethan theater and the dramaturgy of the French classicists. In the English theater, the proximity of the characters in the play to the audience created a special atmosphere of action - the viewer became the direct addressee of the spoken speech. To achieve greater emotional impact, monologues were introduced into their romantic tragedies by K. Marlo, T. Kid. The main content of the drama was the spiritual movement of the characters, which the monologue was intended to reveal. So the doubts of the protagonist, facing a difficult choice, were reflected by Shakespeare in one of the most famous monologues of world drama "To be or not to be ..."
A monologue may differ in its dramatic function and literary form.

• by dramatic function:
  • technical monologue, the story of the hero about events that have already occurred or are currently taking place;
  • lyrical monologue, the hero's narrative, revealing his strong emotional experiences;
  • monologue-reflection, or decision-making monologue, a monologue in the conditions of a tough choice, requiring the adoption of some kind of responsible decision, in which the hero sets out to himself the arguments "for" and "against".

• in literary form:
  • apart, a few words aside, characterizing the state of the character;
  • stanzas, poetic reflections of the hero (typical for the dramaturgy of Classicism);
  • dialectic of reasoning, a monologue presented as a logically built sequence of semantic and rhythmic oppositions;
  • mindflow (internal monologue, not to be confused with the Stanislavsky System of the same name), a narrative that represents the free flow of the hero’s thoughts, which does not require obvious logic and does not care about literary construction of speech;
  • author's word, the direct appeal of the author to the public, as a rule, through one of the characters;
  • dialogue in solitude, the dialogue of the hero with the deity, or an appeal to another character in the play, who either does not hear him or does not answer.

Notes

Links

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Article in "Round the World"

see also

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Synonyms:

• Aquarium (rock band)
• Grebenshchikov, Boris Borisovich

See what "Monologue" is in other dictionaries:

Monologue- (from the Greek monos the only, single and logos word) “one-speech” (soliloque, Selbstgesprach), in dramaturgy, speech, of one character in conditions of stage isolation, pronounced regardless of the replicas of other characters and ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

MONOLOGUE- (Greek, from monos one, and lego I say). The scene in the theater where the face speaks for itself, expresses its feelings aloud to itself in thought, as opposed to dialogue. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

monologue- river Dictionary of Russian synonyms. monologue n., number of synonyms: 8 monologue confession (1) ... Synonym dictionary

monologue- a, m. monologue m. A lengthy speech of a character addressed to another, to a group of characters, to himself or directly to the viewer. ALS 1. His comedy will never be played. Firstly, it is very large, because there are a lot of ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Monologue- MONOLOGUE. A monologue is a speech of a series of sentences of one of the characters in the drama, either in the form of a long replica of a dramatic dialogue, not interrupted by counter-replicas of other characters (an obvious part of the dialogue), or in the form of a separate ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

MONOLOGUE- (from mono ... and Greek logos speech), a detailed statement of one person; the predominant form in the lyrics, important in the epic and especially in the dramatic genres. In narrative prose of the 19th and 20th centuries. the internal monologue of the characters is spread ... Modern Encyclopedia

MONOLOGUE- (from mono... and Greek logos speech) a detailed statement of one person; the predominant form in lyrics, important in epic, especially dramatic, genres. In narrative prose of the 19th and 20th centuries. the internal monologue of the characters is spread ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

MONOLOGUE- "MONOLOGUE", USSR, LENFILM, 1972, color, 100 min. Drama. Professor Nikodim Sretensky (Mikhail Gluzsky) has a favorite job, a young daughter and an old hobby, playing with soldiers. The professor becomes an academician, the work drags on, the daughter (Margarita Terekhova) ... ... Cinema Encyclopedia

Monologue- speech of the individual: turned off from conversational communication with other individuals; and without immediate response. In English: Monologue See also: Speech Financial Dictionary Finam ... Financial vocabulary

"Monologue"- "MONOLOGUE", verse. meditative nature, belonging to the early philosophy. lyrics L. (1829). In terms of genre, it is a fragment with some formal features of a dramatic one. monologue associated with the previous words of a certain ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

the opposite of the dialogue, constituting with it a dual opposition, the poles of which are with each other in a state of ambivalence. M. - expressed in the word, in speech, the revelation of the highest Truth.

The absolutization of M. follows from the absolutization of inversion, which is closely connected with the rejection of dialogue, with the recognition of its secondary importance as a form of mastering M. M. is considered as the only source of Truth-truth, opposing delusion, the devilry of pluralism. Its subject is a totem, its offspring, the first person, a deity, etc. The purpose of the personality is participation in the totem, in its M. Since M. is regarded as the embodiment of the only possible Truth, it can be asserted by any means, including violence, the extermination of carriers of falsehood . The highest social incarnation of M. in extreme authoritarianism, growing into totalitarianism, in embodying its first person, which "all the people consider themselves to be one!" (Platonov A.

Great Definition

Incomplete definition ↓

MONOLOGUE

from Greek - one and - word, speech, thought) - a relatively isolated "segment" of thought or speech, a type of thinking and conversation, formed as a result of active mental and speech activity, designed for passive and indirect perception. Sometimes M. is defined as an intrapersonal thought or speech process. For M., relatively integral segments of the text are typical, consisting of structurally and meaningfully interconnected statements that have an individual compositional structure and relative semantic completeness.

M., as a type of communication, in the ontological sense, is associated with the division of the world into subject and object inherent in European classical philosophy. Traditionally, the subject is considered active - cognizing, perceiving, evaluating the object; the object, in turn, is perceived, comprehended, dependent on the activity of the subject. In this sense, M. opposes dialogue as a mutual and equal communication of two or more consciousnesses, "intersubjective" communication.

From the point of view shared by many thinkers of our century, such as M. Buber, G. Marcel, ?. ?. Bakhtin, European classical philosophy was precisely the "philosophy of the monologue". But they believed that "monological" thinking in philosophy was not primordial and saw in it, rather, a distortion and deformation, rather than the embodiment of tradition - the tradition of philosophy, which itself grows out of dialogue and owes much to it both for its method of "dialectics" and for its problems, and, perhaps, the very understanding of being.

But human consciousness cannot be completely self-identical and self-closed, and in this sense, any M. is dialogized to one degree or another. "Converted" M. contains rhetorical questions that seek to increase the spiritual activity of the addressee, dialogisms and other techniques are included in M. M. carries out real communication; in this case, the speaker directly influences the consciousness of those to whom he is addressing, although the two-way contact between the speaker and the listeners is weakly expressed, their "roles" are strictly delimited and remain unchanged. As for the "solitary", "internal" M., it carries out, as Yu. M. Lotman puts it, auto-communication of the "I-I" type, as opposed to dialogic communication of the "I-Thou" type. Thus, Lotman actualizes the ancient cultural and philosophical tradition, which attaches special importance to "talking with one's soul." For a consistent description of this case, it is very important to take into account the concept of the "polyphony" of consciousness, developed by M. M. Bakhtin, who believed that there can be no "meaning in itself" - it exists only for another meaning.