A pronoun - instead of a name and instead of a thousand words! French indefinite, relative and interrogative pronouns Table of interrogative pronouns que in French

Pronoms interrogatifs

1.Qui, qui est-ce qui. - (who) animate subject;

2. Qu"est-ce qui- (that) the subject is inanimate;

3. Qui, qui est-ce que- (whom) direct object, animate;
4. Que, qu"est-ce que- direct object, inanimate.

Pronoun qui can be used with prepositions as an indirect object.

Pronoun que cannot be used with a preposition; in this case it is replaced by the pronoun quoi.

In a question starting with qui, qui est-ce qui, inversion is not needed:
Qui (qui est-ce qui) travaille?

The remaining interrogative pronouns require inversion, except when an interrogative phrase is added to them est-ce que.

Compare:
Que cherchez-vous? Qu"est-ce que vous cherchez?

Pronoms interrogatifs quel et lequel Interrogative pronouns quel and lequel

These pronouns change in gender and number; translated into words which one, which one. The complex pronoun lequel is used when there is a choice between two or more persons or objects:
Quel est votre nom?
Lequel de ces deux manuels vous trouvez plus utile?

Simple forms
unit plural
quel (m.r.) quels (m.r.)
quelle (f.p.) quelles (f.p.)
Complex shapes
unit plural
lequel (m.r.) lesquels (m.r.)
laquelle (female) lesquelles (female)
The question is what?, which one? can also be expressed in French by the word comment. This occurs when the expected answer is not necessarily precise, which can be expressed by a qualitative adjective. Compare:
Comment est cette étudiante?
Elle est studieuse, intelligente, appliquée.
Quelle est cette étudiante?
C"est Nataile.

Personal pronouns in French they are divided into verbs and independent ones. Verb pronouns are service forms, since they always stand with the verb, forming one rhythmic group with it, and are usually not stressed. As a result, they are called personal unstressed pronouns. Independent personal pronouns always have their own stress and are called stressed.

Unstressed personal pronouns

They have various forms that perform the functions of a subject, direct or indirect object in a sentence.

Pronouns direct objects replace nouns direct objects (without prepositions) with or with / adjective .

Pronouns are indirect objects replace Animate nouns are indirect objects with the preposition à.

!!! Some verbs with the preposition à require the use of stressed forms of pronouns (penser à, s’adresser à, s’habituerà, s’intéresserà, fair attentionà, ... - For the full list, see the link in paragraph 3)

Subject	Direct object	Indirect addition
je (j’) - I	me (m’) – me	me (m’) – to me
tu - you	te (t’) – you	te (t’) – to you
il – he; elle – she	le (l’) - his, la (l’) - hers	lui - to him, to her
nous - we	nous - us	nous - to us
vous - you	vous - you	vous - to you
ils, elles - they	les - them	leur - to them

Truncated forms (j’, m’, t’, l’) are placed before words beginning with a vowel or silent h.

All unstressed personal pronouns are placed before the verb (with the exception of the affirmative form):

Nous envoyons un colis.- We are sending the parcel.

Il nous envoie un colis. — He sends us a parcel.

But: Envoie-nous un colis. — Send us a parcel.

If two object pronouns (direct and indirect) are used in a sentence, then the following word order is observed:

1) if pronouns refer to different persons, then the indirect object pronoun is placed first, then the direct one:

Il me le donne. — He gives it to me.

2) if the pronouns are of one person (3rd), then the direct object pronoun is placed first, then the indirect one:

Il le lui donne. — He gives it to him.

3) in the affirmative form of the imperative mood, both pronouns are placed after the verb, with the indirect object in the last place:

Donnez-le-leur! — Give it to them!

Donnez-le-moi! — Give it to me!

Personal stressed pronounsmoi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles

These are pronouns used either independently (without verb) , or with prepositions to express relations of indirect cases :

Qui est là? –Moi.- Who's there? - I.

Je pense à lui. — I think about him.

In a sentence, personal stressed pronouns can serve as the subject, direct and indirect object, and the nominal part of the predicate.

1. IN functions of the subject the stressed pronoun occurs in the following cases:

• To logically highlight the subject if it is expressed by an animate person:

Moi, je ne comprends rien.- But I don’t understand anything.

Tu es heureux, toi. — And you are lucky.

• When a verb has a noun and a pronoun or two pronouns as its subject, then instead of an unstressed pronoun, a stressed one is used:

Mon frère et moi, nous viendrons vous voir. — Me and my brother, we will come to you.

• In incomplete sentences (without a predicate), which are the answer to the question:

Qui a fait cela? – Moi. — Who did it? - I.

• When comparing:

Comme toi. — How are you.

• In exclamatory-interrogative sentences, where the predicate is expressed by an infinitive:

Moi, mentir? — For me to lie?

• In participial phrases:

Lui parti, nous nous sommes mis à travailler. — He left and we got to work.

2. IN add-on functions The personal stressed pronoun occurs in the following cases:

• If you want to highlight an object expressed by an unstressed pronoun:

Tu l'aimes, lui. — And you love him.

• In incomplete sentences:

Qui avez-vous vu hier? – Lui. — Who did you see yesterday? - His.

• In the function of indirect object after various prepositions:

Je suis parti sans lui. — I left without him.

• After some verbs (list in paragraph 3) that require the use of the preposition à:

Je pense à lui. — I think about him.

3. IN functions of the nominal part of the predicate The personal stressed pronoun is found in combination with the verb être (c’est, ce sont):

C'est moi, ce sont eux. — It's me, it's them.

Personal pronoun y

Pronoun y replaces an inanimate noun object preceded by the preposition à or sur:

Je pense à ce film. - J'y pense. — I'm thinking about this film. - I think about him.

a whole sentence introduced using the preposition à . In this case, the pronoun y = à cela (in this, about this, ...):

Je pense à ce que j'ai vu. - J'y pense. — I think about what I saw. - I'm thinking about it.)

Personal pronoun en

1) Pronoun en replaces an inanimate noun object preceded by the preposition de:

Je suis content de son arrivée. - J'en suis content. — I'm glad he's coming. - I'm glad to see him.

This pronoun can also replace whole sentence introduced using the preposition de . In this case, en = de cela (in this, about this, ...).

INTERROGATIFS INTERROGATIFS

Almost all interrogative pronouns coincide in form with relative pronouns (except dont , which is never used in an interrogative sentence, and où which in an interrogative sentence is an adverb of place), but differ from them in their meaning and use.
Interrogative pronouns are divided into:
1) simple (qui, que, quoi);
2)
3) complex mutable (level and etc.)

Simple interrogative pronouns - Les pronoms interrogatifs simples

Simple interrogative pronouns do not change in gender and number. After them, as a rule, an inversion is made (with the exception of the pronoun qui as the subject).
1. Interrogative pronoun qui only cliques and can perform the following functions in a sentence:
A) subject:

Qui frappe à la porte? - Who knocking on the door?

Qui me cherche? - Who is he looking for me?

b) nominal part of the predicate:

Quiêtes-vous? - Who You?

Qui est-ce? - Who This?

V) direct object:

Qui cherchez-vous? - Whom you are looking for?

Qui attend-il? - Whom he is waiting?

G) indirect object(with various prepositions):

De qui parlez-vous? - Who are you talking about?

À qui Faut-il s'adresser? - Who should I contact?

Avec qui partez-vous? - Who are you leaving with?

2. Interrogative pronoun que unlike the relative pronoun refers only to objects and performs the following functions in a sentence:
A) direct object:

Que desirez-vous? - What You want?

Que faire? - What do?

b) nominal part of the predicate:

Que devenez-vous? - What what happened to you?

V) additions at impersonal verb:

Que se passet-il? - What happening?

3. Interrogative pronoun quoi only applies to subjects and whole statements and is usually used with various prepositions. Its main function in a sentence is indirect object:

À quoi pensez-vous? - About what you think?

De quoi parle-t-il? - About what He says?

Sur quoi comptezvous? - For what are you counting?

Quoi also acts as a direct object for the infinitive:

Quoi repondre? - What answer?

Pronouns qui And quoi can be used independently in incomplete sentences:

L'avez-vous vu? - Qui ?
Have you seen him? - Whom?

Tu as entendu? - Quoi ?
You heard? - What?

Pronoun que never used on its own.

Compound interrogative pronoun "lequel" - Le pronom relatif composé "lequel"

Compound interrogative pronoun level - which? Which? - changes in gender and number:

level,
laquelle,
lesquels,
lesquelles.

Like the relative pronoun, level forms with prepositions à And de fused
forms:

auquel,
à laquelle,
auxquels,
auxquelles;
duquel,
de laquelle,
desquels,
desquelles.

It correlates with all types of names and is used mainly when it comes to choosing one object (person) from several (which of...?):

- Lequel d'entre vous desire me parler?
- Who of you wants to talk to me?

- Laquelle de ces deux robes préfères-tu?
- Which Which of these two dresses do you prefer?

- Avec lesquels de tes camarades pars-tu?
- WITH by whom Are you leaving your comrades?

Personal pronouns in French are another important topic for travelers. You will probably need to say something about yourself, about someone, to explain that “you” or “we” need it.

Video with pronunciation of French pronouns.

Look at the table, it's quite small.

Subject	Direct object	Indirect addition
je (j’) - I	me (m’) – me	me (m’) – to me
tu - you	te (t’) – you	te (t’) – to you
il – he; elle – she	le (l’) - his, la (l’) - hers	lui – to him, to her
nous - we	nous - us	nous - to us
vous - you	vous - you	vous - to you
ils, elles - they	les - them	leur - im

You see not only the full form of the pronouns, but also the abbreviated one. We recommend that all tourists learn at least the French pronouns “I”, “we”, “you” and “they”. The rest are not needed very often.

Where do tourists need French pronouns? Perhaps most of all - in everyday conversations. After all, at the border, no one will find fault with grammar, but if you want to communicate with your interlocutor, you will have to somehow explain who you are talking about.

French pronouns: table of possessives

French possessive pronouns are needed when you explain the ownership of a thing. “Is this your suitcase?” - the customs officer may ask. “This is not my bag,” you will answer if there is a mistake. "Where is my stuff?" – you ask the receptionist.

In general, possessive pronouns are really needed in everyday life. In French, possessive pronouns are used slightly differently than in Russian. There they depend on the number of owners.

	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
One owner	my	my	my	my
	is yours	yours	yours	yours
	his	her	his	her
Multiple owners	our	our	our
	your	yours	yours
	their	their	their

As you can see, there are quite a lot of possessive pronouns in French. Please note: you will most likely need “mine”, “ours”, “mine”, “yours”. Please ask questions if you have any. Feel free to print or rewrite the signs and take them with you. The French will not be offended if you take out your “cheat sheets”, and you will feel more confident. French pronouns are a complex topic, so you may want to save this for last.

French phrasebook for tourists.

Have a nice trip to France!