Lesson on information technology. Technological map of the lesson “Information technologies in professional activities Development of a lesson on information technologies
Lesson plan for the discipline “Information technologies in professional activities.”
Lesson topic: Basic software.
Lesson duration – 2 hours.
Goals:
1.educational: introduce students to basic software.
2. educational: instilling accuracy, hard work, perseverance, patience, pride in the work done.
3. developing: develop interest in the subject.
Tasks:
introduce students to basic software.
cultivate neatness and politeness.
During the classes:
Org. Moment: greeting, checking attendance, readiness for class.
Induction training
Preparing students to study new material (setting topics, goals, updating knowledge).
Purpose of the lesson: to study basic software, the basic concepts included in the software.
Updating previous knowledge.
List the types of monitors and their characteristics.
Name the types of printers, their advantages and disadvantages.
What parameters should be used to select a scanner?
How to choose a modem?
What can plotters and digitizers do?
Why is a digital camera called a film-less camera?
How to protect your computer from power surges?
Describe the technical means of presentations.
Communication of new material by the teacher.
BASIC SOFTWARE
The basic software includes:
OS;
service programs (shells, utilities, antivirus tools);
maintenance programs (test programs, control programs);
instrumental software (programming language translators, compilers, interpreters, assemblers).
operating system(OS) is a set of special software designed to control computer loading, launch and execution of other user programs, as well as for planning and managing the computing resources of a personal computer. It provides control of information processing and interaction between hardware and the user.
One of the most important functions of the OS is the automation of information input/output processes and control of the execution of application tasks solved by the user. The OS loads the desired program into the PC memory and monitors the progress of its execution; Analyzes situations that interfere with normal calculations and gives instructions on what needs to be done if difficulties arise.
Operating systems of personal computers are divided into
single-tasking and multi-tasking.
IN single-tasking OS the user works with one specific program (task) at one time. Examples of such operating systems are the MS-DOS and MSX operating systems.
Multitasking OS allow you to work with several programs in parallel, and the number of programs depends on the power of the system. Examples include operating systems of all versions of Microsoft Windows, UNIX, OS/2, Linux, Mac OS.
Network OS are associated with the emergence of local and global networks and are designed to provide access to all resources of a computer network. Examples of such systems are Novell Net Ware, Microsoft Windows-NT, UNIX, IBM LAN.
Service software is a set of software products that provide the user with additional services in working with a computer and expanding the capabilities of operating systems.
Based on functionality, service tools can be divided into tools that improve the user interface, protect data from destruction and unauthorized access, restore data, speed up data exchange, archiving/disarchiving programs and anti-virus tools. Anti-virus protection software provides diagnostics (detection) and treatment (neutralization) of viruses. The term “virus” refers to a program that can multiply, infiltrate other programs, and perform various unwanted actions.
The most common Russian anti-virus programs are DRWeb and AVP. Examples of archivers include WinZip and WinRAR.
Maintenance programs
Under maintenance programs refers to a set of software and hardware tools for diagnosing and detecting errors during the operation of a computer or computer system as a whole.
They include tools for diagnostics and test monitoring of the correct operation of the PC and its individual parts, as well as special programs for diagnosing and monitoring the computing environment of the information system as a whole, including software and hardware control that automatically checks the functionality of the system.
An example of a test program is the Doctor Hardware program, the Checklt package for Windows.
Instrumentation software
Programming system - This is a set of tools that include an input programming language, a translator, machine language, libraries of standard programs, tools for debugging translated programs and composing them into a single whole.
Translator programming languages is a program that translates program text from a programming language into machine code.
In programming systems, a translator translates a program written in the input programming language into the machine command language of a specific computer. Depending on the method of translation from the input programming language, translators are divided into compilers and interpreters.
IN compilation the processes of translation and program execution are separated in time. First, the compiled program is converted into a set of machine language object modules, which are then assembled (linked) into a single machine program, ready to be executed and stored as a file.
Interpreter carries out step-by-step translation and immediate execution of the statements of the source program, with each statement of the input programming language translated into one or more machine language commands.
A special place in the programming system is occupied by assemblers, representing a complex consisting of an input assembly language programming language and an assembler compiler.
An assembler is a mnemonic (conditional) recording of machine instructions and allows you to obtain highly efficient programs in machine language.
Primary consolidation and ongoing repetition of the studied material.
What is meant by software?
What are the main functions of the base software?
What software is included in the basic software?
2.1. Monitoring and evaluation of students' learning skills. Giving marks for completed work.
2.2. Handing out homework. Studying lecture No. 3.
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Lesson summary for the discipline “Information technologies in professional activities.” Lesson topic: Basic software. Lesson duration 2 hours
Lesson summary “Computer software. System software" Full name Ananina Anna Vasilievna 2
Description of lesson development Teacher: Subject: Computer Science and ICT, grade 8 (lesson date November 23); Lesson topic: Purpose and design of a computer (lesson duration 45 minutes) Lesson type: Learning new material
Date Lesson No. Lesson Topic Software theory workshop
Outline of an open technology lesson in grade 7 “A” Lesson topic: Project “Interior of a residential building” Type of lesson: business game Teacher: Asabina I. I. Rtishchevo, 2008
Lesson objectives:
- Show the possibilities of applying the knowledge gained from studying the topic in professional areas of our lives;
- Development of cognitive interest and creative activity of students.
- Generalization of knowledge, as well as practical skills of students when working with the information technologies they have studied (using spreadsheets, a word processor, presentations in their work).
- Increasing interest in studying the subject.
- Summarize and analyze the possibilities of using ICT in solving creative problems
Lesson type: generalizing , consolidation and application of acquired knowledge in practice
Technology used: business game
Forms of educational activity of students: steam room, individual, group
Tasks for the student:
- development of students' cognitive interest;
- development of self-confidence;
- practical application of IT in solving creative problems;
- development of mental activity techniques (generalization, analysis, comparison).
Tasks for the teacher:
- note the level of mastery of the material;
- analyze the feasibility of using programs when solving a creative problem;
- track the growth of student knowledge during the learning process.
Lesson objectives:
- Educational – education of information culture, tolerance, ability to work in a group, defend one’s point of view
- Educational – to develop skills of independent work, self-control, self-realization, self-determination.
- Developmental – development of logical thinking, cognitive interest
Equipment:
- 7 computers, multimedia projector
- The office is designed in the form of a small office, student desks are arranged in two groups;
- business cards for each student indicating his position according to the business game: director, head of the advertising department, human resources department, accounting department, employee;
- signs: “Director”, “Advertising Department”, “Accounting”, “HR Department” ( Annex 1).
Setting lesson goals(in the form of a heuristic conversation, the result of which will be the conclusion - “Proficiency in information technology is a necessary condition for human success in the modern world”)
- We have studied the topic “Information Technology”, learned how to create drawings, text documents, databases and presentations, and work with spreadsheets. Where can we use this knowledge?
- What do you think: is there a profession that does not use a computer?
- Who today cannot do without a computer?
Stage 1. Organizing time.
Today our lesson will take the form of a business game. Let's imagine this situation: you graduated from school, received a higher education and decided to unite and create your own company. Determine what your company will do (students name the direction of the company's activities - for example, selling cell phones). Please split into two groups. You will be competing firms working in the same direction. Come up with a name for your company. Each company will have three departments: human resources, advertising, and accounting. Look carefully at the tasks for the departments (students read the tasks displayed on the screen), choose a task for yourself and assign roles according to the selected task: select the director, heads of departments, department employees.
Responsibilities:
Director - manages the work of all departments, is responsible for the implementation, content and execution of work, and, if necessary, provides assistance in the work of departments.
Heads of departments - distribute responsibilities among the employees of their department, monitor the work of their employees, provide the necessary assistance during work, and hand over the completed work to the director of the company.
Employees - receive a task from the head of the department, discuss the progress of the work, follow all instructions for completing the work, and coordinate with each other the stages of the work.
There is 1 computer for each department
Stage 2. Individual, pair, group work. (20 minutes)
Assignments (when announcing assignments, it is not indicated which program the assignments will be performed with; the student chooses the program himself):
Notes for implementation: if you have difficulties during the task, you can use the instructions (Appendix 2). Using instructions reduces group and individual scores by 1 – 2 points.
Accounting: create a staffing table for your company with the following conditions: the wage fund is 100,000 rubles, the head of a department receives 2 times more than an ordinary employee, the director receives 5,000 more than the head of a department. The staff includes 1 director, 3 department heads, 3 employees
HR department: create a database of company employees (required field - employee salary, which will be calculated by the accounting department).
All completed tasks are reset to the media. The students return to their desks.
Stage 3. Rest
Materials needed: nature slide, calm music
Stage 4. Defense of works, intergroup discussion
To evaluate the activities of each company, an “arbitration court” is selected: 1 member of the certification commission, 1 representative from each company. During the groups’ presentations and defense of their results, experts fill out evaluation tables, on the basis of which at the end of the lesson, grades are assigned to each student; identify the level of activity of children in groups, evaluate the level of knowledge and skills demonstrated by students in their work (evaluation table - Appendix 3).
Stage 5. Stage of analysis and generalization Summing up.
Reflection:
- To what extent did you choose the program correctly?
- To what extent did you set your goal correctly?
- How far were you able to implement it?
- Can I do better?
Technology means a set of methods, methods and techniques used to obtain a certain type of product. With the development of material production, production technologies were created and developed in industry and agriculture.
Information technology refers to the field of information activities of people. Book publishing, television and radio broadcasting, newspaper publishing, librarianship and much more have created their own technologies. Any education, including school education, requires special techniques, that is, technology.
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Lesson summary on the topic
"Information Technology"
9th grade
Technology meansa set of methods, methods and techniques used to obtain a certain type of product. With the development of material production, production technologies were created and developed in industry and agriculture.
Information technology refers to the field of information activities of people. Book publishing, television and radio broadcasting, newspaper publishing, librarianship and much more have created their own technologies. Any education, including school education, requires special techniques, that is, technology.
Technology - it is a precisely calculated process of obtaining a predictable (predetermined) result. This Property is the most important characteristic of technology, distinguishing it from other processes, for example, an experiment, where the result cannot be predetermined, etc.
Information technologies based on modern computer technology are often called new information technologies (NIT). NIT arise at the crossroads of traditional (non-computer) technologies and computer methods of information processing.
Let us list some NITs that are widely used today.
Preparation of documents
Almost any business area is associated with the preparation of documentation: reporting, directive, reference, accompanying, etc. The use of computers for these purposes has become ubiquitous.
A computer in an office performs many jobs, which can be divided into two categories: regulated and unregulated. Regulated ones are those that are regularly repeated, producing documents of the same type that differ from each other in sets of numerical data or text fragments. Examples include a salary slip, a class magazine, a company's monthly financial report, etc. To prepare each of these documents, a special program is used, which automatically (from the database) enters new information into pre-prepared standard forms.
Unregulated work is more varied in nature; it is impossible to stock up on special programs for it and they are performed, as a rule, using general-purpose office software (word processors, graphic editors, presentation preparation programs, etc.).
Search for information
Anyone who has been and worked in a large library knows how difficult it can sometimes be to find the book you need, especially if the exact bibliographic data is not known, but only the subject is known. Modern information retrieval systems have completely transformed the technology of information retrieval. Computer systems for searching books and magazines have become quite common in libraries. In the process of preparatory work, electronic card indexes are created, and upon request by topic, a list of selected books appears on the library computer screen.
If we are looking for information outside the library, we turn to modern search engines, usually working through computer networks. Search engines on the Internet often find so much information on request that it becomes a problem to select the most relevant information for the client. Moreover, unlike libraries, we are talking not only about books, but also about information presented in any other sources and in a wide variety of forms (including audio).
New technologies for data retrieval have also given rise to new forms of description and systematization of data. Thus, computer search systems widely use indexing - ordered lists by different keys. Traditional digital classification systems (UDC - universal decimal classification) continue to be used. Index lists based on keywords and thesaurus are used.
Thanks to the high speed of modern computers, it is possible to search through all texts stored in the system (for the presence of the requested word or group of words).
Assistance in making management decisions
Twenty years ago, many enterprises in the country began to introduce automated control systems - ACS. However, initially they were not very effective. To date, great changes have occurred in this area: new concepts have emerged, the technical and software information base has changed. As a result, the efficiency of using automated control systems has increased significantly.
A classic automated control system includes an information collection system, a database, an information processing and analysis system, and a system for generating output information. The information processing and analysis unit is central. He solves the problems of assessing and forecasting the activities of an enterprise, responding to unforeseen and disruptive situations that require immediate action, performing design, technological and financial accounting calculations, etc. His work is based on an economic and mathematical model of an enterprise, which is of an optimization nature. As a rule, automated control systems operate on the basis of an enterprise local computer network, which gives the system flexibility and efficiency.
Process control
Thanks to microprocessor technology, it has become possible to create systems that take control of individual mechanisms and even entire technological processes. At the same time, there are automated systems in which a person is directly involved in the technological process, and automatic ones in which a person is practically removed from control.
The problem of direct human participation in technological process control is most often associated with the speed of this process. If the speed exceeds human capabilities, then the operation of such systems is completely automated. For example, when launching a spacecraft, hundreds of sensors transmit information about the progress of the flight to the ground-based computer complex, and in case of problems, there may be a split second left to make a decision, that is, a person simply will not have time to react. In this case, the program (which, of course, was compiled by people) reacts.
Computer-aided design
Informatization has produced another extremely important technology - computer-aided design (CAD) systems.
Design includes the creation of sketches and drawings, economic and technical calculations, work with documentation, modeling, etc.
Modern CAD is a highly professional program that takes on many of these activities.
There are two types of CAD systems: drawing and specialized for certain types of products. Drawing CAD systems are universal; they allow you to create complex drawings in any area of technical design. Specialized CAD, for example, for the design of residential buildings, contains in the database all the necessary information about building materials - both technical and economic, about standard building structures, foundations, etc. The design engineer creates an image of the house, its technical and economic calculations, drawings without the once familiar drawing board and drawing tools. All this radically improves the design process.
Geoinformation technologies
This is the name of the latest information technologies, which led to the creation of the most modern class of information systems - Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These systems store data linked to a geographic map of the area (district, city, country, etc.).
For example, a municipal GIS stores in its databases the information necessary for all services that support the life of the city: city authorities, energy workers, water management specialists, communications specialists, tax authorities, social security authorities, police, medical services, etc. All this heterogeneous information is linked to the city map, which is the organizing basis of the GIS. Thanks to special technological techniques, this map can be scaled, that is, you can “cut out” a piece from it (simply by tracing it on the screen with a mouse) and enlarge it. By clicking on an object on the screen, instead of a map, we get a database with a description of this object.
There are GIS on a much larger scale: regional, national, international. For example, through the efforts of a number of states, the Black Sea GIS was created. It should be understood that creating a GIS is labor-intensive and expensive, but the effectiveness of its use is extremely high.
Information technologies in education
Training reaches millions of people. There are systems of secondary, higher, and additional education, systems of advanced training, retraining of personnel, etc. A specialist of the 21st century will be placed in conditions where he will almost constantly have to learn something. Society is faced with the task of creating a system of continuous education that will serve a significant part of the population.
Learning technologies have changed little over the past 100 years. So far, the method of collective teaching is mainly in effect: one teacher per group of students. This method of training does not always give good results. The reason lies in the differences in individual abilities and capabilities of students.
The path to improvement lies through the individualization of learning. Already now, NIT teaching tools are helping to solve this problem:
Individual use of special programs (training, training, monitoring, etc.). The combination of such programs for a specific subject (or section) forms what is called an electronic textbook. Multimedia technologies are widely used when creating electronic textbooks.
Another problem of the education system (most of all this applies to higher and special education) is the unequal conditions for people in the opportunity to receive a quality education due to geographic distance from educational centers, due to the limited capacity of universities, etc. Help in solving this problem a new form of learning is coming:
Distance education using computer networks. There are several distance education technologies that are currently competing with each other and being tested.
Questions and tasks
What do the terms “technology”, “information technology”, NIT mean?
List the main problems solved by means of NIT.
What forms of NIT have you dealt with? Note their positive aspects and possible disadvantages.
Technology is understood as a set of methods, methods and techniques used to obtain a certain type of product. With the development of material production, production technologies were created and developed in industry and agriculture.
Information technology refers to the field of information activities of people. Book publishing, television and radio broadcasting, newspaper publishing, librarianship and much more have created their own technologies. Any education, including school education, requires special techniques, that is, technology.
Technology - it is a precisely calculated process of obtaining a predictable (predetermined) result. This Property is the most important characteristic of technology, distinguishing it from other processes, for example, an experiment, where the result cannot be predetermined, etc.
Information technologies based on modern computer technology are often called new information technologies (NIT). NIT arise at the crossroads of traditional (non-computer) technologies and computer methods of information processing.
Let us list some NITs that are widely used today.
Preparation of documentsAlmost any business area is associated with the preparation of documentation: reporting, directive, reference, accompanying, etc. The use of computers for these purposes has become ubiquitous.
A computer in an office performs many jobs, which can be divided into two categories: regulated and unregulated. Regulated ones are those that are regularly repeated, producing documents of the same type that differ from each other in sets of numerical data or text fragments. Examples include a salary slip, a class magazine, a company's monthly financial report, etc. To prepare each of these documents, a special program is used, which automatically (from the database) enters new information into pre-prepared standard forms.
Unregulated work is more varied in nature; it is impossible to stock up on special programs for it and they are performed, as a rule, using general-purpose office software (word processors, graphic editors, presentation preparation programs, etc.).
Search for informationAnyone who has been and worked in a large library knows how difficult it can sometimes be to find the book you need, especially if the exact bibliographic data is not known, but only the subject is known. Modern information retrieval systems have completely transformed the technology of information retrieval. Computer systems for searching books and magazines have become quite common in libraries. In the process of preparatory work, electronic card indexes are created, and upon request by topic, a list of selected books appears on the library computer screen.
If we are looking for information outside the library, we turn to modern search engines, usually working through computer networks. Search engines on the Internet often find so much information on request that it becomes a problem to select the most relevant information for the client. Moreover, unlike libraries, we are talking not only about books, but also about information presented in any other sources and in a wide variety of forms (including audio).
New technologies for data retrieval have also given rise to new forms of description and systematization of data. Thus, computer search systems widely use indexing - ordered lists by different keys. Traditional digital classification systems (UDC - universal decimal classification) continue to be used. Index lists based on keywords and thesaurus are used.
Thanks to the high speed of modern computers, it is possible to search through all texts stored in the system (for the presence of the requested word or group of words).
Assistance in making management decisionsTwenty years ago, many enterprises in the country began to introduce automated control systems - ACS. However, initially they were not very effective. To date, great changes have occurred in this area: new concepts have emerged, the technical and software information base has changed. As a result, the efficiency of using automated control systems has increased significantly.
A classic automated control system includes an information collection system, a database, an information processing and analysis system, and a system for generating output information. The information processing and analysis unit is central. He solves the problems of assessing and forecasting the activities of an enterprise, responding to unforeseen and disruptive situations that require immediate action, performing design, technological and financial accounting calculations, etc. His work is based on an economic and mathematical model of an enterprise, which is of an optimization nature. As a rule, automated control systems operate on the basis of an enterprise local computer network, which gives the system flexibility and efficiency.
Process controlThanks to microprocessor technology, it has become possible to create systems that take control of individual mechanisms and even entire technological processes. At the same time, there are automated systems in which a person is directly involved in the technological process, and automatic ones in which a person is practically removed from control.
The problem of direct human participation in technological process control is most often associated with the speed of this process. If the speed exceeds human capabilities, then the operation of such systems is completely automated. For example, when launching a spacecraft, hundreds of sensors transmit information about the progress of the flight to the ground-based computer complex, and in case of problems, there may be a split second left to make a decision, that is, a person simply will not have time to react. In this case, the program (which, of course, was compiled by people) reacts.
Computer-aided design
Informatization has produced another extremely important technology - computer-aided design (CAD) systems.
Design includes the creation of sketches and drawings, economic and technical calculations, work with documentation, modeling, etc.
Modern CAD is a highly professional program that takes on many of these activities.
There are two types of CAD systems: drawing and specialized for certain types of products. Drawing CAD systems are universal; they allow you to create complex drawings in any area of technical design. Specialized CAD, for example, for the design of residential buildings, contains in the database all the necessary information about building materials - both technical and economic, about standard building structures, foundations, etc. The design engineer creates an image of the house, its technical and economic calculations, drawings without the once familiar drawing board and drawing tools. All this radically improves the design process.
Geoinformation technologiesThis is the name of the latest information technologies, which led to the creation of the most modern class of information systems - Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These systems store data linked to a geographic map of the area (district, city, country, etc.).
For example, a municipal GIS stores in its databases the information necessary for all services that support the life of the city: city authorities, energy workers, water management specialists, communications specialists, tax authorities, social security authorities, police, medical services, etc. All this heterogeneous information is linked to the city map, which is the organizing basis of the GIS. Thanks to special technological techniques, this map can be scaled, that is, you can “cut out” a piece from it (simply by tracing it on the screen with a mouse) and enlarge it. By clicking on an object on the screen, instead of a map, we get a database with a description of this object.
There are GIS on a much larger scale: regional, national, international. For example, through the efforts of a number of states, the Black Sea GIS was created. It should be understood that creating a GIS is labor-intensive and expensive, but the effectiveness of its use is extremely high.
Information technologies in educationTraining reaches millions of people. There are systems of secondary, higher, and additional education, systems of advanced training, retraining of personnel, etc. A specialist of the 21st century will be placed in conditions where he will almost constantly have to learn something. Society is faced with the task of creating a system of continuous education that will serve a significant part of the population.
Learning technologies have changed little over the past 100 years. So far, the method of collective teaching is mainly in effect: one teacher per group of students. This method of training does not always give good results. The reason lies in the differences in individual abilities and capabilities of students.
The path to improvement lies through the individualization of learning. Already now, NIT teaching tools are helping to solve this problem:
Individual use of special programs (training, training, monitoring, etc.). The totality of such programs in a specific subject (or section) forms what is called electronic textbook. Multimedia technologies are widely used when creating electronic textbooks.
Another problem of the education system (most of all this applies to higher and special education) is the unequal conditions for people in the opportunity to receive a quality education due to geographic distance from educational centers, due to the limited capacity of universities, etc. Help in solving this problem a new form of learning is coming:
Remote education using computer networks. There are several distance education technologies that are currently competing with each other and being tested.
Questions and tasks- What do the terms “technology”, “information technology”, NIT mean?
- List the main problems solved by means of NIT.
- What forms of NIT have you dealt with? Note their positive aspects and possible disadvantages.
Board sketch project
The lesson is accompanied by a presentation demonstration "Information Technology" using a multimedia projector. The presentation was created in the MS PowerPoint application program.
Used Books:
- Makarova N.V. Program in computer science (system information concept). For a set of textbooks on computer science for grades 5-11. St. Petersburg: Peter.2000.
- Computer science. 5-11 grade. /Ed. N.V. Makarova. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001
- Kolyada M.G. A window into the wonderful world of computer science. IKF "Stalker", 1997
- Shafrin Yu.A. Fundamentals of computer technology. Textbook for grades 7 – 11 on the course “Informatics and Computer Science” - Moscow: ABF, 1996
- Efimova O.V., Moiseeva M.V., Yu.A. Shafrin Workshop on computer technology. Examples and exercises. Manual for the course “Informatics and Computer Science” - Moscow: ABF, 1997
- Goryachev A., Shafrin Yu. Workshop on information technologies. M.: Laboratory of Basic Knowledge, 2001
- Semakin I.G., Sheina T.Yu. Teaching computer science courses in high schools. M.: Laboratory of Basic Knowledge, 2002
- Simonovich S.V., Evseev G.A. Practical computer science. Textbook for high school. Universal course. – Moscow: AST-PRESS: Inform-Press, 1998
- Simonovich S.V. Computer at your school. M.: AST-PRESS: Informcom-Press, 2001
- Simonovich S.V., Evseev G.A. Entertaining computer. A book for children, teachers and parents. Moscow: AST-PRESS: Informcom-Press, 2002
Lesson objectives:
1. Introduce students to material and information technologies, show the common and different characteristics of these technologies.
2. Show what the technological chains look like from the source material to the result, naming the necessary operations and tools.
3. Introduce professions related to the use of a computer.
4. Introduce the use of computers at school.
· Operations – actions performed with the material.
· Tools – devices for processing material.
What tools are shown on page 4? (Needle, scissors lying nearby. Glue, thread - this is more of a material than a tool).
Can the result of applying technology become a material? (Yes. For example, embroidery is used to trim a dress; a carved frame is used as material for building a house).
“Do” task on page 5.
Create chains “material – operation – result”. given names, it is enough that at least one name in the chain is from the number given on page 4.
Answer the questions on page 6.
What is the general word for what we receive and transmit in the form of text, speech, sound, drawings, photographs, videos? ( information.)
When we read a book, listen to the radio, watch a movie, watch nature, listen to someone, we get... ( information.)
When we say something to someone, write a note, give a photo, we convey... ( information.)
Why is information technology called “information”?
(Let us remember what technology is – a method of processing materials to obtain finished products. When we perform actions with texts, images, tables and diagrams, video materials, sounds (recordings of speech or music), they say that we work with information. Therefore, methods of working with texts, images, etc. to obtain a finished result are called information technologies).
How are material and information technologies similar and different?
(General: both there are raw materials, operations, tools, finished products. The difference: to make another copy of a material product, you need to repeat the same operations with the same source materials, but to make another copy of an information product, you do not need to perform the same operations, it is enough to perform a copying operation (rewriting, printing, etc. ).
What of what you see around you can be considered the result of the use of information technology? What are the starting materials used in them? For example, a textbook (source materials: text, pictures). Poster on the wall (source materials: diagrams, texts, images). Portrait (source material: image).
“Test Yourself” activity on page 6.
Find the error.
Logical error. Just because some tools can perform some actions, it does not at all follow that these actions can be performed with any tool.
Explanation. The same source material, for example an image, can be used to create various information products: a portrait, a textbook, a poster, a set of slides for a speech, etc.
4. Introduction to the modular structure of the textbook.
Page 7.
The textbook consists of separate parts - modules. Not all modules are required to be studied. (For example, “Getting to know the computer”, “Creating drawings”, “Creating cartoons and live pictures”).
Page 7 shows what the first page of each module looks like. After reading it, you can find out what will be studied in this module and a little about how this module will be studied.
If the module description says: “You will learn” or “You will learn,” then upon completion of the module this will be tested in independent work.
Read the module descriptions; those who do not have time to finish reading during this time can do it at home.
5. Formulation of the main question.
The teacher tells the students that even very famous experts can make predictions that do not come true. For example, the following predictions about computers are known:
1) In the magazine "Popular Mechanics" in 1949 it was published that "Computers in the future may weigh less than 1.5 tons."
2) “I think there is a demand in the world for maybe 5 computers” - Thomas Watson, chairman of the famous computer manufacturing company IBM, 1943.
3) “There is no reason why anyone would want to have a computer at home” - Ken Olson, president, chairman of the board of directors and founder of the famous American computer company Digital Equipment Corporation, 1977.
4) The founder of Intel, which produces the heart of the computer - processors, Gordon Moore in the mid-70s of the last century, when he was offered the idea of a computer consisting of a system unit, a monitor and a keyboard, in response to the question of how such a system would be used, Moore reported that the computer would be useful for housewives - for recording and storing recipes.
What topic do you think will be discussed now?
6. Professions related to the use of computers.
Questions for students (p. 8 “What do you think?”):
1. What changed in people's lives with the advent of the computer?
p.6 (people began to use computers at work, in school, they play on computers, watch movies, listen to music, with the help of computers people have conversations while being far from each other (forums, chats, ICQ, Twitter, etc. ), send each other emails, etc.)
2. The work of people in what professions has changed with the advent of the computer?
p.6 (designers, layout designers, printers, cameramen, sellers of railway and air tickets, artists, photographers, sound engineers, etc.).
3. What new professions appeared with the advent of the computer?
programmer, online store seller, computer repair and setup specialists, Internet site creators, computer game scriptwriters, computer science teachers).
Note: To illustrate this issue more clearly, you can use fragments of the software “World of Informatics 1-2” CD disk from the publishing house “Cyril and Methodius” (1 year of study, topic “Use of a Computer”, display time 5-7 minutes).
7. Computers at school.
Where and for what purpose at school, besides the computer science classroom, can a computer be used?
drawing on page 9 and discuss fragments of the drawing with the children:
· explanation of the material in the lesson;
· acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities in a computer class during an informatics lesson;
· finding the necessary information to write a report or message;
· report accompanied by presentation;
· virtual laboratories, various simulators;
· verification tests.
The teacher can accompany his story with a demonstration of his work, which confirms the capabilities of the computer.
8. Formulation of the main question.
The teacher tells the students a conversation between two people:
“Have you ever tried eating in the bath? - No. Like all normal people, I eat at the computer!”
What topic do you think will be discussed now?
9. Safety precautions and rules of behavior in the computer class.
What do you think should not be done in a computer lab? Let's make a list of what not to do in the computer lab.
What should you call your proposed list? The word “RULES” must be said. So, we are talking about “Rules of conduct in the computer class”.
Look at the pictures on pages 10-11. If there is a projector in the class, then you can show illustrations from pp. 10-11 on the screen; if there is no projector, then you can prepare a poster with similar drawings. Answer the questions on page 10.
What can’t be done in a computer class, and most importantly, why?
(Electric shock hazard. Dirt and dust may affect the operation of the computer.
10. Summing up the lesson.
· What new terms did you learn about today?
· What are the similarities and differences between material and information technologies?
· What problems do people of different professions solve using a computer?
· What rules of behavior in a computer class can you name?
11. Homework.
Completed in a computer science notebook. Assignment on page 6 “Test yourself.” Carefully, point by point, list all the rules that were violated.
