Kamchatka is experiencing a demographic crisis. General information Itelmens: general characteristics

12.01.2024 | Bones

Parts of the country are quite heterogeneous in national composition, although with a clear predominance of Russians. This ethnic group began to settle in this region only from the beginning of the 18th century. But the indigenous population of Kamchatka, the peoples who have lived on this peninsula since ancient times, are gradually dissolving into the general population. Let's learn more about these ethnic groups of the Kamchatka Territory.

General demographic characteristics

Before you begin to study the indigenous people, you need to find out what the population of Kamchatka is like today as a whole. This will allow us to understand the significance and role of indigenous peoples in the modern life of the region.

First of all, you need to find out the total population in Kamchatka. This is one of the most important demographic indicators. The population of Kamchatka today is 316.1 thousand people. This is only the 78th indicator out of 85 regions of the Russian Federation.

But in terms of area, the Kamchatka Territory ranks tenth in the country among the federal subjects. It is 464.3 thousand square meters. km. Knowing the population of Kamchatka and its area, you can calculate the density. This indicator is also considered one of the most important components of demographic statistics. The population density in Kamchatka is currently only 0.68 people/sq. km. This is one of the lowest rates in Russia. According to this criterion, the Kamchatka Territory ranks 81st among 85 regions of the country.

National composition

Now we have to look at the population of Kamchatka in an ethnic context. This will help us distinguish the indigenous peoples of the region from the general population.

Ethnically, the population of Kamchatka has a nationality that numerically predominates over all others. These are Russians. Their number is 252.6 thousand people, or more than 83% of all residents of the region. But Russians are not the indigenous people of Kamchatka.

Ukrainians also play a significant role in shaping the population of Kamchatka. There are significantly fewer of them than Russians, but this people ranks second among the ethnic groups of the region, making up more than 3.5% of the total population of the region.

Third place goes to the Koryaks. These people already represent the indigenous population of Kamchatka. Its share of the total population of the region is just over 2%.

The remaining nationalities, both indigenous and non-indigenous, whose representatives live in Kamchatka, are significantly inferior in number to the three indicated peoples. The total share of each of them does not even reach 0.75% of the total population. Among these small-numbered peoples in Kamchatka, it is worth highlighting the Itelmens, Tatars, Belarusians, Evens, Kamchadals, Chukchis, and Koreans.

Indigenous peoples

So what nationalities are indigenous to Kamchatka? In addition to the Koryaks, whom we talked about above, the peoples who are the aborigines of this peninsula include the Itelmens.

The Kamchadals stand apart, they are a subethnic group of the Russian people, who formed their national identity in Kamchatka.

We will talk about each of these nationalities in more detail below.

Koryaks: general information

As mentioned above, the Koryaks are the third largest nationality in Kamchatka, and thus the first largest indigenous people in this northern region.

The total number of this nation is 7.9 thousand people. Of these, 6.6 thousand people live in Kamchatka, which is slightly more than 2% of the total population of the region. Representatives of this nationality mainly live in the north of the Kamchatka Territory, where the Koryak District is located. Also common in the Magadan region and in

Most Koryaks currently speak Russian, but their historical language is Koryak. It is part of the Chukchi-Koryak branch of the Chukchi-Kamchatka language family. The languages most closely related to it are Chukchi and Alutor. The latter is considered by some linguists as a subtype of Koryak.

These people are divided into two ethnic groups: tundra and coastal Koryaks.

The tundra Koryaks have the self-name Chavchuvena, which translates as “reindeer herders,” and lead a predominantly nomadic lifestyle in the vastness of the tundra, breeding reindeer. Their original language is Koryak in the narrow sense of the term. The Chavchuvens are divided into the following subethnic groups: Parenets, Kamenets, Apukins, Itkans.

The coastal Koryaks have the self-name Nymylans. They, unlike the Chavchuvens, lead their main occupation - fishing. The original language of this ethnic group is Alyutor, which we discussed above. The main subethnic groups of the Nymylans: Alyutorians, Karaginians, Palans.

The majority of Koryak believers today are Orthodox Christians, although the remnants of shamanism that came from the traditional beliefs of this people remain quite strong.

The home of the Koryaks is the yaranga, which is a special type of portable tent.

History of the Koryaks

Now let's trace the history of the Koryaks. It is believed that their ancestors inhabited the territory of Kamchatka back in the first millennium AD. They went down in history as representatives of the so-called Okhotsk culture.

For the first time, the name Koryak began to appear on the pages of Russian documents in the 17th century. This was due to Russia's advance into Siberia and the Far East. The first Russian visit to this region dates back to 1651. The conquest of Kamchatka by Russia began at the end of the 17th century. It was started by Vladimir Atlasov, who, together with his detachment, captured several Koryak villages. However, the Koryaks rebelled more than once. But in the end, all the uprisings were suppressed. Thus, the population of Kamchatka, including the Koryaks, became Russian subjects.

In 1803, the Kamchatka region was founded in the Russian Empire. The Koryaks lived mainly in the Gizhiginsky and Petropavlovsky districts of this administrative unit.

After the October Revolution in 1930, the Koryaks were granted national autonomy. This is how the Koryak Autonomous Okrug was formed. In 1934, it became part of the Kamchatka region, maintaining its isolation. The administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Palana.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Koryak Autonomous Okrug, while remaining part of the Kamchatka region, received the rights of a federal subject. In 2005, a referendum was held, as a result of which in 2007 there was a complete unification of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug with the Kamchatka region. This is how the Kamchatka region was formed. The Koryak Autonomous Okrug was liquidated as a subject of the federation, and in its place the Koryak Okrug was formed - a territorial unit that is part of the Kamchatka Territory and has a special status, but is deprived of its former independence. The official languages of this territorial entity are Koryak and Russian.

At the moment, Russians make up 46.2% of the population of the Koryak Okrug, and Koryaks - 30.3%, which is significantly higher than in the Kamchatka Territory as a whole.

Itelmens: general characteristics

Another indigenous people of Kamchatka are the Itelmens.

Their total number is about 3.2 thousand people. Of these, 2.4 thousand live in the Kamchatka Territory, making up 0.74% of the total population there, thus being the fourth largest ethnic group in the region. The remaining representatives of this nation live in the Magadan region.

The bulk of the Itelmen are concentrated in the Milkovsky and Tigilsky districts of the Kamchatka Territory, as well as in its administrative center - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

The majority of Itelmen speak Russian, but their traditional dialect is Itelmen, which belongs to the Itelmen branch of the Chukchi-Kamchatka language family. Now this language is considered to be dying.

The Itelmens profess Orthodox Christianity, but, like among the Koryaks, they have quite strongly developed remnants of ancient cults.

The main occupation of the Itelmens, who have not moved to cities and live in a traditional way, is fishing.

History of the Itelmens

Itelmens are the ancient population of Kamchatka. Most of them lived in the southern half of the peninsula, giving the north to the Koryaks. By the time the Russians arrived, their number was more than 12.5 thousand people, thus exceeding the modern number by 3.5 times.

After the conquest of Kamchatka began, the number of Itelmens began to decline rapidly. The first to conquer this people was the same Vladimir Atlasov. He walked the peninsula from north to south. After his murder by his own comrades in 1711, the work of conquering the Itelmens was continued by Danila Antsiferov. He defeated the Itelmens in several battles, but in 1712 he was burned by them along with his detachment.

Nevertheless, the Itelmens failed to stop the advance of the Russian Empire into Kamchatka, and it was finally conquered. In 1740, the expedition founded the center for the spread of Russian influence on the peninsula - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Initially, the Russians called the Itelmen Kamchadals, but then this name was assigned to another ethnic group, which we will talk about below.

Who are the Kamchadals?

One of the subethnic groups of Kamchatka, which is considered indigenous, are the Kamchadals. This ethnic unit is a branch of the Russian nation. The Kamchadals are the descendants of the very first Russian settlers in Kamchatka, who partially assimilated the local population, mainly the Itelmens, whom the Russians themselves previously called by this ethnonym.

Currently, the total number of Kamchadals is about 1.9 thousand people. Of these, 1.6 thousand live in Kamchatka, and about 300 more people live in the Magadan region.

The Kamchadals speak Russian, and the basis of their culture is the culture of the titular nation of Russia. True, local peoples, mostly Itelmens, also had a certain influence on it.

Anthropological characteristics of the indigenous population

Now let's look at which group of peoples the indigenous people of Kamchatka belong to.

The Koryaks and Itelmens can safely be classified as a small Arctic race. In another way it is called Eskimo and is the northern branch of the large Mongoloid race. This subrace is closer in anthropological characteristics not to the continental Mongoloids, but to the Pacific ones.

The situation is much more complicated with the Kamchadals, since this nationality belongs to the Kamchadals. The Kamchadals combine features of the Caucasoid and Mongoloid types, since, in fact, this ethnic group is the fruit of a mixture of Russians with the ancient population of Kamchatka. This racial type is usually called Ural.

Population dynamics

Over the past hundreds of years, the number of the indigenous population of Kamchatka has decreased significantly. This situation was caused by several factors.

During the era of colonization of the Russian Empire of Kamchatka, epidemics played a significant role in reducing the local population, as well as the extermination of indigenous people as part of the colonization policy. At a later time, cultural assimilation took place. It was due to the fact that being a representative of indigenous peoples had become unprestigious. Therefore, children from mixed marriages preferred to call themselves Russians.

Prospects

The prospects for the further development of indigenous peoples in Kamchatka are very vague. The Russian government began to encourage self-determination of the nationality of the population of the region in favor of confirming the Koryak, Kamchadal or Itelmen nationality by providing representatives of these nationalities with a number of benefits. But this is clearly not enough, since simply a person’s self-identification with representatives of national minorities does not make the original culture of these peoples more widespread. For example, if the total number of Itelmens currently amounts to 3.1 thousand people, which is more than twice the figure for 1980, then the number of Itelmen speakers is only 82 people, which confirms its extinction.

The region requires investments in the culture of small nations in the amount that the population of Kamchatka is ready to absorb.

General conclusions

We studied the indigenous population of Kamchatka, the peoples inhabiting this northeastern region of our country. Of course, at the moment the development of the distinctive culture of these ethnic groups leaves much to be desired, but government agencies are trying to do everything to ensure that these people, their languages and traditions do not completely disappear.

Let's hope that in the future the number of representatives of the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka will only increase.

1.1 Geographical location

The Kamchatka Territory is part of the Far Eastern Federal District and occupies the Kamchatka Peninsula with the adjacent mainland, as well as the Commander and Karaginsky Islands.

The Kamchatka Territory borders in the northwest with the Magadan Region, in the north with the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and in the south with the Sakhalin Region. From the east, Kamchatka is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, from the northeast by the waters of the Bering Sea, and from the west by the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk.

1.2. Territory

The area of the territory is 464.3 thousand square meters. km (2.7% of the area of the Russian Federation), of which 292.6 thousand square meters. km occupies the Koryak district, and extends from south to north for almost 1600 km. The administrative center is the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

1.3. Climate

The climate is mainly temperate monsoon, in the center – temperate continental, in the north – subarctic; the average January temperature on the Kamchatka Peninsula is -15.5 °C, on the adjacent part of the mainland -25 °C, the average July temperature is +13.2 °C; precipitation amount is up to 1000 mm per year. In the north of the region there is permafrost, over 400 glaciers.

1.4. Population

The population of the region as of January 1, 2017 was 314.7 thousand people (0.2% of the population of the Russian Federation).

Population density – 0.7 people per 1 sq. km, which is 13 times lower than in Russia as a whole. The population is distributed extremely unevenly throughout the region - from 0.02 people per 1 sq. km in the Penzhinsky district up to 555 people per 1 sq. km in Elizovo. The majority of the population lives in the cities of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Elizovo, Vilyuchinsk and the valleys of the Avacha and Kamchatka rivers.

The share of the urban population is 78.0% (245.6 thousand people), the rural population is 22.0% (70.1 thousand people).

The economically active population was (according to a population survey on employment problems) 183.1 thousand people (58.2% of the total population of the region).

In 2016, the number of residents of the region decreased by 1,387 people. The population decline is due to migration outflow. The migration population decline in 2016 was 1,805 people, the natural increase was 418 people.

In 2016, 4,057 children were born, which is 93 babies or 2.2% less than the previous year. The overall birth rate for the region as a whole was 12.9% (the average for Russia is 12.9%). 3,639 people died, which is 0.03% less than in 2015. The average annual mortality rate was 11.6% (the Russian average is 12.9%).

There are 134 nationalities living in the region: the Russian population is the largest in the region (85.9%), the second largest population is occupied by Ukrainians (3.9%), the third are Koryaks (2.3%), Tatars, Belarusians, Itelmens, Chukchi, Evens, Koreans, etc.

Standards of living

In 2016, in the Kamchatka Territory, due to the lag in the growth rate of wages and per capita cash income from the rate of inflation processes, indicators of the population's standard of living were reduced.

Average per capita cash income in 2016 was at the level of 39,866.2 rubles, real cash income amounted to 89.6%.

The average nominal accrued wages in the Kamchatka Territory in 2016 amounted to 59,922.8 rubles, real wages - 96.8%.

The share of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence level increased in 2016 to 19.5% compared to 19.2% in 2015.

1.5. Administrative division

The Kamchatka Territory includes 87 settlements, including:

· cities of regional subordination – 3 (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Vilyuchinsk, Elizovo);

· urban-type settlements – 1 (urban settlement Palana);

· workers’ settlements – 1 (Vulkanny settlement);

· rural settlements – 82.

Kamchatka Territory includes 66 municipalities. Including 3 have the status of “City District”:

· Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky urban district;

· Vilyuchinsky urban district;

· Urban district “Palana village”;

11 have the status of “Municipal district”:

· Aleutsky municipal district;

· Bystrinsky municipal district;

· Elizovsky municipal district;

· Milkovsky municipal district;

· Sobolevsky municipal district;

· Ust-Bolsheretsky municipal district;

· Ust-Kamchatsky municipal district;

· Karaginsky municipal district;

· Olyutorsky municipal district;

· Penzhinsky municipal district;

· Tigilsky municipal district.

One of the regions of the region - Aleutian - is located on the Commander Islands.

Karaginsky, Olyutorsky, Penzhinsky and Tigilsky municipal districts are part of the territory with a special status of the Koryak Okrug.

The municipal districts include 5 urban settlements and 47 rural settlements.

The territory of the Kamchatka Territory could accommodate 4 European states: England, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg combined.

1.6. Political parties

There are 26 regional branches of all-Russian political parties registered in the Kamchatka Territory. The most active and numerous are:

Kamchatka regional branch of the All-Russian political party "UNITED RUSSIA";

Kamchatka regional branch of the political party “Liberal Democratic Party of Russia”;

Kamchatka regional branch of the political party “Communist Party of the Russian Federation”;

Regional branch of the political party "A JUST RUSSIA" in the Kamchatka Territory.

Coat of arms of Kamchatka region

Flag It is a rectangular panel of two horizontal stripes: the upper one is white, the lower one is blue. The stripe width ratio is 2:1. In the roof there is an image of the figures of the coat of arms of the Kamchatka Territory.

Anthem of the Kamchatka Territory

Words by B.S. Dubrovin, music by Honored Artist of Russia E.I. Morozova. Performers – Kamchatka Choir Chapel, Moscow Symphony Orchestra “Globalis” (conductor – People's Artist of Russia Pavel Ovsyannikov). Approved by the Law of the Kamchatka Territory dated 03/05/2010 No. 397 “On the anthem of the Kamchatka Territory”.

1.8. Brief historical background

For the first time, the administrative status of Kamchatka was defined as an independent Kamchatka region within the Irkutsk province by the Personal Decree of August 11, 1803 “On the structure of regional government in Kamchatka.” The territory included Nizhnekamchatsky district and Okhotsk district of the Gizhiginsky district. By decree of April 9, 1812, “The present regional government in Kamchatka is too extensive and complex for that region” was abolished. The head of Kamchatka was appointed from among the officers of the naval department and his location was determined by the port of Petropavlovsk.

By the Highest Decree of the Governing Senate, the Kamchatka region was re-established on December 2, 1849: “From the parts subordinate to the Kamchatka Coastal Administration and the Gizhiginsky District, a special region will be formed, which will be called the Kamchatka region.” The first governor of the Kamchatka region was Major General (later Rear Admiral) Vasily Stepanovich Zavoiko. The heroic defense of Petropavlovsk from the Anglo-French squadron in August 1854 is directly connected with his name.

In 1856, in connection with changes in Russian policy in the Far East, the Petropavlovsk District was formed as part of the Primorsky Region. The administrative status of an independent region was returned to Kamchatka in 1909. By this time, the region consisted of 6 counties, occupying the entire northeast, and included an area of about 1360 thousand square meters. km.

On November 10, 1922, Soviet power was established in the region in the person of the Regional Revolutionary Committee, and the territory was renamed the Kamchatka province.

Since January 1, 1926, the Kamchatka Okrug, consisting of 8 districts (Anadyrsky, Karaginsky, Penzhinsky, Petropavlovsky, Tigilsky, Ust-Kamchatsky, Ust-Bolsheretsky, Chukotsky), has been included in the Far Eastern Territory.

By a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on November 22, 1932, the Kamchatka province (district) was reorganized into the Kamchatka region as part of the Far Eastern Territory.

In October 1938, the Kamchatka region, after another administrative-territorial division, became part of the Khabarovsk Territory with 13 districts, the Koryak and Chukotka national districts.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on January 23, 1956, the Kamchatka region, together with the Koryak district, was separated from the Khabarovsk Territory as an independent administrative entity of the RSFSR.

The separation of the Kamchatka region into an independent administrative-territorial unit contributed to the acceleration of the growth of its productive forces, social and cultural construction. The Pauzhetskaya geothermal power plant, the Avachinsky fur farm, and two fur farms were put into operation. The sanatorium of All-Union significance “Nachiki” was built. In 1961, the television center began operating. In 1962, the Institute of Volcanology of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences was organized. In 1967, Tralflot, Okeanrybflot, and Kamchatrybflot were organized.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 17, 1967, the Kamchatka region was awarded the Order of V.I. Lenin.

The Kamchatka Territory was formed on July 1, 2007 as a result of the merger of the Kamchatka Region and the Koryak Autonomous Okrug in accordance with the Federal Constitutional Law of July 12, 2006 No. 2-FKZ “On the formation of a new subject of the Russian Federation within the Russian Federation as a result of the unification of the Kamchatka Region and the Koryak Autonomous Okrug "

The administrative center of the Kamchatka Territory is the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, which is an international sea and air port. Formed in 1740 (the year the port was founded). Approved by the city in 1812 with the name Peter and Paul Port. In 1924 it was renamed the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation on November 3, 2011, the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was awarded the honorary title “City of Military Glory”. In 2016, a stele of the City of Military Glory was erected in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

This edition of the Passport of the Kamchatka Territory was prepared as of 01/01/2019.

1.1 Geographical location

The Kamchatka Territory is part of the Far Eastern Federal District and occupies the Kamchatka Peninsula with the adjacent mainland, as well as the Commander and Karaginsky Islands. The Kamchatka Territory borders in the northwest with the Magadan Region, in the north with the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and in the south with the Sakhalin Region.

From the east, Kamchatka is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, from the northeast by the waters of the Bering Sea, and from the west by the waters of the Okhotsk Sea.

1.2. Territory

The administrative center is the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

1.3. Climate

The climate is mainly temperate monsoon, in the center - temperate continental, in the north - subarctic; the average January temperature on the Kamchatka Peninsula is -15.5 °C, on the adjacent part of the mainland -25 °C, the average July temperature is +13.2 °C; precipitation amount is up to 1000 mm per year. In the north of the region there is permafrost, over 400 glaciers.

1.4. Population

The population of the region as of January 1, 2019 was 314.7 thousand people (0.2% of the population of the Russian Federation), having decreased by 832 people in 2018. The decrease in the region's population is due 84.1% to migration outflow and 15.9% to natural decline.

In 2018, 3,417 children were born, which is 8.9% less than the previous year. The overall birth rate for the region as a whole was 11.0% (the average for Russia is 10.9%). 3,549 people died, which is 2.3% more than in 2017. The average annual mortality rate was 11.2% (the Russian average is 12.4%).

Population density - 0.7 people per 1 sq. km, which is 13 times lower than in Russia as a whole. The population is distributed extremely unevenly throughout the region - from 0.02 people per 1 sq. km in the Penzhinsky district up to 586 people per 1 sq. km in Elizovo. The majority of the population lives in the cities of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Elizovo, Vilyuchinsk and the valleys of the Avacha and Kamchatka rivers.

The share of the urban population is 78.4% (246.8 thousand people), the rural population is 21.6% (68.0 thousand people).

The workforce amounted to 179.4 thousand people (57.0% of the total population of the region).

Standards of living

2018 in the Kamchatka Territory was characterized by a decline in living standards, despite rising wages. The main reason is the lag in the growth rate of per capita cash income of the population and pensions from the rate of inflation processes.

Average per capita cash income in 2018 was at the level of 42,021.7 rubles, real cash income amounted to 99.4%.

The average nominal accrued wages in the Kamchatka Territory in 2018 amounted to 72,692.6 rubles (an increase compared to 2017 was 10.5%), real wages - 107.9%.

The number of officially registered unemployed at the end of December 2018 amounted to 2.6 thousand people (1.4% of the labor force).

The living wage established in the Kamchatka Territory in 2018 per capita was 19,481 rubles (for the working population - 20,494 rubles, for pensioners - 15,478 rubles, for children - 20,934 rubles).

According to preliminary data, the share of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence level in 2018 decreased by 1% compared to 2017 and amounted to 16.5%.

1.5. Administrative division

The Kamchatka Territory includes 87 settlements, including:

cities of regional subordination - 3 (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Vilyuchinsk, Elizovo);
urban-type settlements - 1 (urban settlement Palana);
workers' settlements - 1 (Vulkanny settlement);
rural settlements - 82.

The Kamchatka Territory includes 66 municipalities, including 3 with the status of “City District”:

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky urban district;
Vilyuchinsky urban district;
Urban district "Palana village";

11 have the status of “Municipal district”:

Aleutsky municipal district;

Bystrinsky municipal district;
Elizovsky municipal district;
Milkovsky municipal district;
Sobolevsky municipal district;
Ust-Bolsheretsky municipal district;
Ust-Kamchatsky municipal district;
Karaginsky municipal district;
Olyutorsky municipal district;
Penzhinsky municipal district;
Tigilsky municipal district.

One of the regions of the region - Aleutian - is located on the Commander Islands.

Karaginsky, Olyutorsky, Penzhinsky and Tigilsky municipal districts are part of the territory with a special status of the Koryak Okrug.

The municipal districts include 5 urban settlements and 46 rural settlements.

The territory of the Kamchatka Territory could accommodate 4 European states: England, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg combined.

1.6. Political parties

There are 17 regional branches of all-Russian political parties registered in the Kamchatka Territory. The most active and numerous are:

Kamchatka regional branch of the All-Russian political party "UNITED RUSSIA";

Kamchatka regional branch of the political party “Liberal Democratic Party of Russia”;

Kamchatka regional branch of the political party “Communist Party of the Russian Federation”;

Regional branch of the political party "A JUST RUSSIA" in the Kamchatka Territory.

Coat of arms of Kamchatka region

Flag It is a rectangular panel of two horizontal stripes: the upper one is white, the lower one is blue. The width ratio of the stripes is 2:1. In the roof there is an image of the figures of the coat of arms of the Kamchatka Territory.

Anthem of the Kamchatka Territory

Words by B.S. Dubrovin, music by Honored Artist of Russia E.I. Morozova. Performers - Kamchatka Choir Chapel, Moscow Symphony Orchestra "Globalis" (conductor - People's Artist of Russia Pavel Ovsyannikov). Approved by the Law of the Kamchatka Territory dated 03/05/2010 No. 397 “On the anthem of the Kamchatka Territory”.

1.8. Brief historical background

On November 10, 1922, Soviet power was established in the region in the person of the Regional Revolutionary Committee, and the territory was renamed the Kamchatka province.

In October 1938, the Kamchatka region, after another administrative-territorial division, became part of the Khabarovsk Territory with 13 districts, the Koryak and Chukotka national districts.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 17, 1967, the Kamchatka region was awarded the Order of V.I. Lenin.

The population is declining annually and as of January 1, 2016, 316 thousand people lived in the region

pixabay.com

The population of Kamchatka is rapidly declining Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, September 22 - AiF-Kamchatka. The demographic prospects of the Kamchatka Territory are still disappointing. In the coming years, the region will lose up to 2.5 thousand population annually.

According to Kamchatstat, the population of the Kamchatka Territory as of January 1, 2016 was 316,116 people. Over the year, 1,153 fewer people (0.4%) were tired of the region’s residents. The decrease in population is entirely due to migration outflow.

77.8% of the population lives in cities, 22.2% lives in rural areas. There were 157.7 thousand men and 158.4 thousand women living in the region (49.9% and 50.1% of the total population, respectively). For every 1,000 men there were 1,005 women.

The share of people under working age (up to 15 years) was 18.4%, the share of people of retirement age was 19.8%, and the working age population was 61.8%. Compared to the previous year, the number of young people and the population of retirement age has increased, while there are fewer and fewer citizens of working age every year.

In 2015, 4,150 children were born, which is 56 babies less than in the previous year. 80% of all newborns were born in cities. 94 (4.6%) more boys were born in the region. Over the course of the year, the region grew by 52 twins and three triplets.

In Kamchatka, men live 11 years less than women. The total fertility rate was 13.1 ppm, which is almost equal to the Russian average (13.3‰). But at the same time, there are 22 thousand women (14%) of the most optimal childbearing age (21-30 years old) in Kamchatka, and by 2020 there will be only 16 thousand women capable of giving birth to healthy offspring (Rosstat forecast data from the results of the All-Russian Population Census -2010).

Despite some positive developments, Kamchatka's demographic prospects are still disappointing. According to Rosstat forecasts (based on the results of the 2010 GNP), Kamchatka will not overcome the demographic crisis in the next 16 years. On average, the region will continue to lose 2-2.5 thousand people annually. Both due to negative natural growth and migration outflow outside the region.

By 2031, the population of the region will decrease to 295 thousand people. There will be 239 thousand city dwellers; in rural areas the number will drop to 56 thousand people. Women in the total population will be 50.2% or 148 thousand people; for every 1000 men there will be 1007 women.

Reference: The largest population in the Kamchatka region was recorded in 1991, when 478 thousand 541 people lived in the region. Over 25 years, Kamchatka has lost 162,425 inhabitants.

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The population is declining every year and as of January 1, 2016, 316 thousand people lived in the region pixabay.com The population of Kamchatka is rapidly declining Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, September 22 - AiF-Kamchatka.
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